Thanks from all of us at She is also a strong advocate for equal opportunity, and she works tirelessly to ensure that all students have access to quality education regardless of their socioeconomic status or race. not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published Owners also used other forms of punishment such as withholding food, restricting travel, or selling off relatives as a means of controlling slaves whom they deemed troublesome. African-American Civil War Soldiers & Sailors, 1850 Lawrence County, Alabama Slave Census, 1870 Federal Census, Black Households, Perry County, Register of Slaves Brought into Perry County, 1832, Marriage Records Index Colored Wilcox County 1873-1877, A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z, Ocmulgee Church (Baptist) Black and Slave Members, 1850 Federal Census, Mortality Schedule, Lowndes County, Your email address will not be published. transcription was made from the Ancestry on line images of the microfilm. acres. Most of the settlers came from the nearby states of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, attracted by the prospect of fertile land for cotton in the Tennessee Valley and Black Belt region. What county in Alabama had the most slaves? on the "Add your favorite Website(s) to this page" link. Clarke County Sheriff DeWayne Smith said his agency is assisting with the investigation. ", Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, "Old Cahawba, Alabama's first state capital, 1820 to 1826", "Alabama's population: 1800 to the modern era", "The Birth of Jim Crow in Alabama 1865-1896", "Sharecropping and Tenant Farming in Alabama", Alabama Department of Archives and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Alabama&oldid=1128842893, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 07:22. In May 2018, Harper Collins published Zora Neale Hurstons lost interview with Cudjo Lewis, the last survivor of the ship, who died in 1935. Plantation names were not shown on the census. FORMER SLAVES. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 Understanding that they would have to find a place to live in the U.S., they decided to ask Timothy Meaher to provide a form of reparations. Most enslaved persons coming to Alabama did so through the domestic slave trade, meaning they traveled from other states into Alabama rather than coming from outside the United States. Slaveowners used a variety of punishments to discipline and dominate slaves. Before presuming an African American was a 2009. Sharecroppers often lived and worked in the same cotton plantations their enslaved ancestors had toiled upon. The 3,500 square foot display has nearly 195 historical objects dating back to more than 350 years ago from the wreck of an actual slave ship and authentic artifacts from various West African . Between 1860 and 1870, The wreckage was still visible at low tide for a few decades, yet remains elusive today. Pinson in Jefferson County, Alabama about. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. total of 600 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. The schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives into the U.S. in 1860, more than 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed. Its extremely difficult to connect the freed black Americans first named on the 1870 census to their enslaved ancestorsa problem known as the 1870 Brick Wall. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. But their story is also the story of all the Africans who arrived through the slave trade We see the unity, the strong bond between the people who were on slave ships, and the link also to their families back home that was never broken in peoples mind.. and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were Common acts of daily resistance included faking illness, breaking tools, and. Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, hanging, beating, burning, mutilation, branding, rape, and imprisonment. Thats something you have control over, Berry said. The average slave sold for a few hundred dollars, whereas men between the ages of 17 and 35 who could work in the fields often sold for more than a $1,000. Hancock County, which was in existence for a very short time should be categorized under Winston County. Antonia Leonard is an education expert who has dedicated her life to helping students achieve their academic goals. the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Such incidents were exceptional, however. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. Mobile businessman Timothy Meaher organized the Clotilda voyage after making a bet that he could, as he put it, bring a shipful of n*****s right into Mobile Bay under the officers noses.. Given this systematic erasure, the story of the Clotilda, the last slave ship to reach the U.S., occupies a profoundly unique place in the history of the transatlantic slave trade. was listed as having 28,884 whites, about a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 7,620 She has received numerous awards and accolades for her work, including being named one of the "Top 10 Educators to Watch" by Education Week magazine. Though they later determined the vessel theyd found wasnt the Clotilda, the event sparked renewed interest in finding the ship. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. SOURCES. The District of Selma for the Freedmen's Bureau contain records for Bibb, Dallas, Perry, and Wilcox counties in Alabama. related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'78b7e7ab4ecead3f',m:'uvdcd5yibVx0kns0ZBzReCjsdUSTAKHf9LjYAnEujII-1674050930-0-AdJ6levGSlv1vZFkOQ639W3km6SvAZ5Z4KLRemjvtVNgU+5pIIELojsyBwmvUgyllFpMiUZ+Kt1Cnj14xUSnAji1+KQB0ijEMVCy0E2Mk5lgrhovMRGcJiEanfZ3yaKobU5kuF79rBOKwoXrRjge1ZTTKUPDaVw4oLQa/PvPqCUj',s:[0x447ce953aa,0x99abbf795e],u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};var now=Date.now()/1000,offset=14400,ts=''+(Math.floor(now)-Math.floor(now%offset)),_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/scripts/alpha/invisible.js?ts='+ts,document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Clarke County, Alabama, Slave Owners]] . Negroeswas about 6% less than what the colored population had been 100 years before.) Download 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. genealogically-related site on the Internet. Category: United States of America, Slavery, Autauga County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Baldwin County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Barbour County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Benton County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Blount County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Bullock County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Butler County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Calhoun County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Chambers County, Alabama, Slavery (4, 0, 0), Cherokee County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Chilton County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Choctaw County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Clarke County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Cleburne County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Coffee County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Colbert County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Conecuh County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Cotaco County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Covington County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Crenshaw County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Cullman County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Dallas County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), DeKalb County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Elmore County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Escambia County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Etowah County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Fayette County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Franklin County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Geneva County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Greene County, Alabama, Slavery (4, 0, 0), Houston County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Jackson County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Jefferson County, Alabama, Slavery (4, 0, 0), Lauderdale County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Lawrence County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Limestone County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 1, 0), Lowndes County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Madison County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Marengo County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Marion County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Marshall County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Mobile County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Monroe County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Montgomery County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Morgan County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Pickens County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Randolph County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Russell County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Shelby County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), St. Clair County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Sumter County, Alabama, Slavery (4, 0, 0), Talladega County, Alabama, Slavery (4, 0, 0), Tallapoosa County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Walker County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Washington County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Wilcox County, Alabama, Slavery (3, 0, 0), Winston County, Alabama, Slavery (2, 0, 0), Perry County Alabama to Union Parish Louisiana 2, Slaves and their owners in Dallas County Alabama. The African slave trade was first brought to Alabama when the region was part of the French Louisiana Colony. occurred.] Categories: Alabama History | United States of America, Slavery | Alabama. Andrew Jackson Beard An Inventor (1849-1921) "Andrew Jackson Beard was born a slave on a plantation near Mt. indexes almost always do not include the slave census. changed through the years and because the sizeable number of large farms must have resulted in ], 92 Slaves, Page 253, YARBROUGH, John N.?, 39 Slaves, Page 266B. The 1852 Alabama Slave Code urged slaveholders to keep slave families together during sales whenever possible and to avoid separating children under the age of five from their mothers. Meaher didnt provide them with passage back to Africa, and they soon realized that they wouldnt be able to earn the money for their passage themselves. Only about 6 percent of African captives were sent directly to British North America. WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Were there slaves in Huntsville Alabama? The page numbers The state legislature conscripted soldiers and appropriated several million dollars for military operations and for the support of the families of soldiers. In Alabama, Meaher sold some of the Africans, but divided up most between himself, his two brothers and the ships captainnone of whom were ever convicted for their crimes. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. This was the first time that slave infomation was captured as a separate schedule. should not be a difficult research task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. According to Lewis, Meaher responded: Fool do you think I goin give you property on top of property? Where Is The Best City To Meet Single Men? holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. P. O. used are the rubber stamped numbers in the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the Today, it exists as the historic site Africatown in Mobile, Alabama, where many Clotilda descendants still live. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. What Are The Top Tier Sororities At Mississippi State? Many enslaved women were owned by small farmers and worked as domestic servants. Why Did Mississippi Ratify The 13Th Amendment In 1995? This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. The slave population more than doubled during the 1820s and again during the 1830s. The county had numerous forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). But southern white men broke the law by importing captured Africans long after the practice was banned, and even viewed their evasion of the law as a source of pride. What Is The Oldest School In Mississippi? the white population of Limestone County had increased almost 8% to 7,774, while the colored A man looking at a gravestone for Cudjo Lewis in the cemetery at the Africa Town Welcome Center. There are several plantation homes in Alabama that have survived for nearly 200 years and Ive listed 10 of them below. Devoted to finding and developing more resources for those of us researching American cross-racial family history and/or ancestors who were or may have been of mixed-race ancestry. Est., John F. Johnston for, 62 Slaves, Page 269, COLEMAN, Daniel Est., W. R. Christopher for, 78 Slaves, Page 272B, HOUSTON, G. S., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 254, JONES, P.? The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Marengo County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 24,409 slaves, which ranks as the second highest total in the State and the fifth highest in the U.S. in 1860. Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and [2][3], Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817. They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. Surname matching of This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering The African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. (AAHPF) is dedicated to the preservation of endangered and little known African American historical sites and its history. Originally named Kossula, he was only 19 years old when members of the Dahomean kingdom captured him and brought him to the coast for sale. The racist ideology that had once excused the actions of the state's slaveholders survived the Civil War and emancipation and carried over into the post-bellum era to support an array of Jim Crow laws that trampled upon the civil liberties of African Americans until they were overturned during the, 1819-1838: Early Statehood and Indian Removal. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. [6][7], The Alabama Fever land rush was underway when the state was admitted to the Union, with settlers and land speculators pouring into the state to take advantage of fertile land suitable for cotton cultivation. There is simply no other historical document quite like it. slaveholders. The transcriber did not notice any Following the patenting of the cotton gin (in 1793), the War of 1812, and the defeat and expulsion of the Creek Nation in the 1810s, European-American settlement in Alabama was intensified, as was the presence of slavery on newly established plantations in the territory. Recent speculation about the location of the ship has brought national attention to issues in Africatown, such as its lawsuit against an industrial plant for generating cancer-causing pollution. Available online at Ancestry.com, FamilySearch.org, and HeritageQuest.com Census records are basic building blocks for everyones research. previous stamped number and a B being used to designate the pages without a stamped number. The term County is used to describe the main (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material been counted in each County. 73086 Washington DC 20056-3086 Parker's slaves "were. Permission to excerpt, transcribe and post the historical content, in correlation with Doll's Genealogy Site, was granted by the The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, April 2001. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. This is a high-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. What Airport Do You Fly Into For Starkville Ms? This database provides a more poignant picture of what it was to live as a slave in the American South. Census data for 1860 Join To Live : https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https://bit.ly/3WFccXXLive Game : Blacksher Vs. Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark. enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise Clarke County, Alabama Obituaries and Death Notices Unknown, NANCY (slave) A Mobile paper announces the death, at the age of 100 years, at a Major Austin's, in Clark county, Ala., of Nancy, a slave raised in Delaware, by the father-in-law of Mr. Curtis, step-son of Gen. Washington, who waited upon her young mistress when married. 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) Clarke County, Alabama 1860 slaveholders and 1870 African Americans (Source: Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) I tookee good keer my slaves and derefo I doan owe dem nothin.. Formation of the State. The majority of slaves in Alabama, however, labored on modest farms, and the typical Alabama slaveholder owned fewer than five slaves. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the What was the name of the ship that brought the slaves to America? They hoed potatoes and tobacco, but Rev. When enslaved folks were sold or bequeathed through the enslavers family, they would, in most cases, only know their mothers last name. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. numbered pages were reported as in Division 2. All Rights Reserved. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. been reported with their full name, including surname. PURPOSE. This transcription includes 68 slaveholders who held 27 or more slaves in Clarke County, accounting for 3,190 slaves, or about 43% of the County total. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. [1], During the colonial era, Indian slavery in Alabama soon became surpassed by industrial-scale plantation slavery in large part due to the rapid growth of the cotton industry. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Alabama, Slavery]] . Slaves were most often beaten for working too slowly, stealing, running away, and disobeying owners or overseers. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) 1850 Federal Census Clarke County, Alabama (Source: MyHeritage) ($) Alabama State Census, 1820-1866 Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) United States Census, 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the states 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone What State Has Most Songs Written About It? Migration increased after the end of the Creek War in 1814. There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. Unable to return to Africa after emancipation on June 19, 1865aka Juneteenththey left records and gave interviews about who they were and where they came from that survive today. Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819. TERMINOLOGY. out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age Christopher Columbus likely transported the first Africans to the Americas in the late 1490s on his expeditions to the island of Hispaniola, now Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Theres also no way of discovering, as Malcolm Xemphasized, their true family name. The slave trade ripped families apart, and records from slave ships and plantations often identified enslaved people with multiple or incomplete names. In the midst of Jim Crow, segregation, and reconstruction, they built a free society controlled and run by Africans., I think that what this particular story is about is really the unity of the people who were on the ship, Diouf says. This transcription Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves nationwide. When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the state's 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. Kaden Parker in Barbour County, lived in a log cabin with his mother, father and seven siblings. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have A mural of the Clotilda adorns a concrete embankment in Africatown, a community near Mobile founded by Africans illegally transported to Alabama aboard the slave ship. BINFORD, H. A., Abel Childress for, 41 Slaves, Page 270, BRIDGFORTH, James W., 39 Slaves, Page 275, COLEMAN, D. Racially Linkpendium! . Learn how your comment data is processed. Their exact status, whether free or enslaved, remains disputed. includes 61 slaveholders who held 35 or more slaves in Limestone County, accounting for 3,824 found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave requires Some of these former slaves may have Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census These circumstances reduced the physical distance between owners and slaves and sometimes forged temporary bonds of loyalty based upon a shared experience as farm laborers. One of the most notable was Fort Sinquefield. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln 's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. These developments have brought more attention to Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the community they built for themselves in Alabama. This page was last modified 08:37, 11 May 2021. This Start with the 1940 Census and work your way backwards. This spring, the community secured a grant to build a museum, and many researchers and organizations remain interested in searching for the Clotilda.
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