distinguish between portability and compatibility as used in software selection

Focus areas include cloud, containers, workload expansion, and automation. True/False. Some Linux distributions distribute software to users in source form. They can be used to compare similar items from the same organization, or to compare one organization's products against those of a competitor. True/False. This means you can share infrastructure like registry servers between cloud providers or on premise. Describe three types of prototypes used in this industry, Explain the term bespoke system as applied in system acquisition, Marek company limited installed modern computer in all its offices but the existing information system could not be installed in the new computer. Tin Can API tracks and records learning experiences that occur anywhere, through any device. The image format is the same no matter which operating system or binaries are in the container image. Compatibility - the container images and hosts are designed and engineered to work together (See: Engineering compatibility with the Red Hat Universal Base Image). To explain the terms then two basic entities are required: Components are one of the parts that make up a system, while a system is a collection of components organised to accomplish a specific function or a set of functions (both from IEEE 610). b)Compressor i) Identify the most appropriate type of test that he could test. Smaller portable devices use processors with different and incompatible instruction sets, such as ARM. Standardizing on this image format lets us build infrastructure like registry servers which can be used to store any container image, be it RHEL 6, RHEL 7, RHEL8, Fedora, or even Windows container images. How is it that all of this just magically works? What is Non functional software Testing? Thomas B. London and John F. Reiser (1978). True/False. "Digest": "sha256:65d0f8a710e5add87e539b6eb25c724d73fba7c090735133246ff7c5ae1100a5", "sha256:c40da4de5e84fba9e2c0f302d2d30570160680b4a2d4ae5a558796337e2dfca2", mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver 1903 8b8ec38e0f40 7 days ago 263 MB, This is what determines if the binaries in the container image can actually run on the container host. Try running a RHEL 8 container image on a RHEL 4 container host that isnt going to work. Describe knowledge based system 4. Compatibility they are designed and engineered to work together (See:. Notice that Skopeo can pull the Windows Nano container image, uncompress it, and store it locally even though this is on a RHEL 8 container host: The image is now stored in .local/share/containers/storage/ because its running rooteless in this case. You want to deploy your application as a containerized application using containers such as docker. It is verifying your software application to be compatible with different versions of the software. Development Reference Guides. Reason: Devices Compatibility Requirements are Non- functional requirements. As users usually don't have access to the source code and they are not skilled enough to do it, it's a task for developers. True/False, Versions Compatibility Requirements are functional requirements? And, we have two types of version compatibility testing, which are as follows: Forward Compatibility Testing: Test the software or application on the new or latest versions. Lets dig into these three concepts a bit deeper: Since the OCI standard governs the images specification, a container image can be created with Podman, pushed to almost any container registry, shared with the world, and consumed by almost any container engine including Docker, RKT, CRI-O, containerd and, of course, other Podman instances. Drive letters and the backslash as path delimiter are not accepted on all operating systems. In fact, registry servers based on the OCI distribution specification are so popular that theres a proposal to extend them to include almost any artifact: docker://mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903 \, containers-storage:mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903, skopeo inspect containers-storage:mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903. Because Android is an open source project, any hardware manufacturer can build a device that runs the Android operating system. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); //mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903 containers-storage:mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903, "sha256:14b9bc111f8cd94dc0c807d4c4735d973d4d0c2138c61ae416c8f032c07dee89", "sha256:e145b606dfc22d200d5cb05f3ac1d69fdd0dd13b1e2d906c7ebaf154e6a694ed", Architecting Containers Part 1: Why Understanding User Space vs. Kernel Space Matters, DevConf.cz 2020: Brno: Understanding Container Engines by Demo, Deeply Understanding the Different Between Portability, Compatibility, and Supportability. This means you can share infrastructure like registry servers between cloud providers or on premise. Mobility Here is a quick set of recommendations to help ensure success: 1. The above graphic shows all of the moving parts in a typical Kubernetes environment. We deliver hardened solutions that make it easier for enterprises to work across platforms and environments, from the core datacenter to the network edge. Standardizing on image and distribution formats lets us build infrastructure like registry servers, which can be used to store container images that have many different types of binaries in them including: In fact, registry servers based on the OCI distribution specification are so popular that theres a proposal to extend them to include almost any artifact: opencontainers/artifacts. Portability you can move the image where you want. True/False. State two precautions that should be observed when installing a new piece of hardware into a computer system. Now, lets try and execute that Windows Nano image on Fedora: Notice that this image wont run because the image config is not compatible, even though the image layers are portable and cached locally. List two differences between buffer and a register. Vertical portability refers to consistency of software throught whole lifecycle, which can be ensured with Infrastructure as code. Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer exactly what to do. True/False. Software can be custom built or custom build. First, notice that Podman, DEBU[0000] mounted container "8be871d404f1a15410c63bf7b39f13a87aff4d87fbac5847c526029c802c9131" at "/home/fatherlinux/.local/share/containers/storage/overlay/1449c977519500a8939aaf49d28124c11b113b357922a33e341822e0429477af/merged", DEBU[0000] ExitCode msg: "unable to find user containeruser: no matching entries in passwd file", ERRO[0000] unable to find user ContainerUser: no matching entries in passwd file, If you would like to see another example of compatibility problems, even between very similar Linux distros, see, Supportability is about putting a reasonable scope around what is and isnt covered by a, To demonstrate supportability, lets run some tests with a container image called, podman run -it --rm ubi8 cat /etc/os-release | head -n 4, So, if you are using Red Hat Enterprise Linux today, and just getting started with containers, check out Red Hat Universal Base Image, its portable, compatible, and the most supportable base image available for RHEL and RHEL CoreOS. on customer expected platforms or not. Use case diagrams are popular in system analysis. As long as I run the docker daemon on all of my hosts, everything will just work right? Requirements analysis 3. Good news is that as network speeds approach computer bus speeds, the network becomes the computer, Portability starts embracing Interoperability issues and Interoperability can start gleaning the benefits of Portability. Deployment 7. Who fixes the kernel, container engine, or container image bugs and tests for regressions? This compatibility problem extends to processor architecture, and also versions of the operating system. ARM binaries in a container image will not run on POWER container hosts - Windows Nano binaries in a container image will not run on a RHEL 8 container host. We are still in early days and havent ran into even a small percentage of the problems that we will as this technology ages when we are using kernels, container engines, and images which are of vastly different ages from built by Linux distributions which take wildly different approaches to building kernels and binaries, we will see more and more problems. This compatibility problem extends to processor architecture, and also versions of the operating system. Web applications are required to be processor independent, so portability can be achieved by using web programming techniques, writing in JavaScript. Dont mix and match distributions and version its crazy talk. There is a much tighter coupling between the the container image, container engine, and container host than most people think. NET Core support multiple platforms like Windows, macOS & Linux whereas .NET Framework supports only Windows. This is about investing in testing, security, performance, architecture, a support team, testing that images and binaries are built in a way that they run correctly on a given set of container hosts as well as updating the code should security, performance or bugs crop up. Stated another way, scoping support for container images can be very expensive. Differentiate between portability with reference to hardware and software. Use of compatible software ensures that various kinds of files such as word processing documents, spreadsheets, data files and email can be shared between staff in various locations without any concerns about data conversion or inability to read others' files. Describe two key components of a term_of_refference document in information system projects. Assume you are hired as system analyst, Requirements that software must have a good performance in a network with parameters such as Operating speed, Bandwidth, and Capacity, etc. Imagine tunning your enviroments every single staging, no dev-ops team wants to deal with unnecessary work just because code is not flexible. Overview. Compatibility is non-functional testing to ensure customer satisfaction. Standardizing on this image format lets us build infrastructure like registry servers which can be used to store any container image, be it RHEL 6, RHEL 7, RHEL8, Fedora, or even Windows container images. c)Production of calendars and brochures: Should the existing program be ported, or should an equivalent program be redeveloped? Nor can Red Hat go patch and update every Linux container image thats out there. The aim of this note is to provide an explanation of the four terms as used by the Testing Standards Working Party. the first one requires individual building or compilation for each platform. High-quality requirements and wireframes help to predict the result and develop the project that meets your expectations. Collectively, they affect both the utility and the life-cycle costs of a product or system. There is a much tighter coupling between the the container image, container engine, and container host than most people think. How do we detect performance regressions in the kernel or glibc? Last Updated: 04/11/2022. When operating systems of the same family are installed on two computers with processors with similar instruction sets it is often possible to transfer the files implementing program files between them. State four factors that should be considered when buying an input device. To demonstrate, run a Red Hat Universal Base Image 8 (UBI) Container Image on a RHEL 8 Container Host: This demonstrates a completely supportable image and host combination, which is also compatible, and portable. That means x86_64 containers must run on x86_64 hosts ARM containers must run on ARM hosts Microsoft Windows containers must run on Microsoft Windows hosts. To demonstrate supportability, lets run some tests with a container image called Red Hat Universal Base Image 8 (UBI) and a container host based on RHEL 8 Server: This demonstrates a completely supportable image and host combination, which is also compatible, and portable. Compatibility requirements about the ease of moving components or systems between environments (Environments can be hardware and/or software environment). This is about investing in testing, security, performance, and architecture as well as ensuring that images and binaries are built in a way that they run correctly on a given set of Container Hosts. No matter how hard you try, ARM binaries in a container image will not run on POWER container hosts. Notice that Skopeo can download a Windows Nano Container Image, uncompress it, and store it in .local/share/containers/storage/ (rooteless in this case) even though this is on a Fedora Container Host: The image is now available in the local storage: The image is cached locally, but you wont be able to run it on Linux. Zhmurko Systems Integrator Sometimes the effort consists of recompiling the source code, but sometimes it is necessary to rewrite major parts of the software. Replication (deep) The first dimension of portability is crucial to operating cloud applications at scale - scaling and replication. Research statistics indicates high rate of system project failures. You don't want to have different behaviours on some platforms, you don't want to waste time adressing enviroment related configs. Software Portability RequirementsPortability requirements are non-functional requirements and focus on the ability of two or more components or systems to perform their required functions while all of these are in the same environment. What degree of portability is desired for the various environments? I am here to break it to you its not magic. The difference between larger and smaller devices is such that detailed software operation is different; an application designed to display suitably on a large screen cannot simply be ported to a pocket-sized smartphone with a tiny screen even if the functionality is similar. Definition. When writing 32-bit code, you can use the 64-bit version of Office without any changes. IDG Contributor Network: What does container portability really mean? With Podman running a UBI 8 Container Image on a RHEL 8 Container Host, we have: If you would like to understand Portability, Compatibility, and Supportability, check out this lab: https://learn.openshift.com/subsystems/container-internals-lab-2-0-part-1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A COMPUTER SYSTEM A good computer system is one that meets all Differentiate between structured and unstructured interviews 3. Containers don't offer the ability to run cross-platform binaries, you'd need to use virtualization or emulation for that (example: QEMU System Emulator Targets). Devices Compatibility Requirements are functional requirements? Your email address will not be published. Computing technology continues to advance rapidly, but the need to remain competitive requires vendors to minimize their costs and to maximize their investments. Lets analyze a few key log messages to see why. Such a folder has many sub-folders, and they are copied in the same transaction. In a totally portable application, all related files would be stored in a single folder so it can be copied with one command. right shifting a signed integer in C can do a logical or an arithmetic shift). Supportability is based on a vendor's ability to release, patch, version, and test a set of components together. Transferring installed program files to another computer of basically the same architecture. // Performance varies by use, configuration and other factors. Deep means how scalable and replicable your code/architecture/software is. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Another name for data that has meaning is: - mean data - wisdom - information - none of these is correct - data accuracy, The difference between wisdom and knowledge is that: - none of these is correct - wisdom is the synthesis of experience, insight, and reflection - wisdom is the result of data collection and interpretation . With Podman running a UBI 8 Container Image on a RHEL 8 Container Host, we have: If you would like to understand Portability, Compatibility, and Supportability, check out this lab: https://learn.openshift.com/subsystems/container-internals-lab-2-0-part-1. Differentiate between open source and proprietary software. Software portability is the possibility to use the same software in different environments. Standardization and clear interfaces are critical to a heterogeneous environment, enabling users to develop strategies for communicating throughout their network. To summarize, with Podman on a RHEL 8 container host, running a UBI 8 container image, you get: Portability - you can move the image where you want. Would you run binaries from different Linux distributions in production? Even if we added an /etc/passwd file, the binaries would fail to run because they are Windows binaries, not Linux ELF binaries. I will be understanding something this article.s, Your email address will not be published. Over time, applications become more widely used and require more powerful systems to support them. Although preference might be given to certain factors like performance, security in enterprise applications, fewer lines of code among other factors. However, as long as the operating systems are reasonably similar, the binaries in the container image will usually run. Portability: It makes the software portable by ensuring characteristics like hardware independency, software independency, adaptability, install-ability and reusability. This is what vendors can support. For the work required to make software portable, see. Functional Requirements in Software Engineering are also called Functional Specification. In Hindi in the simple and easy way. Reason: Operating Systems Compatibility Requirements are functional requirements. What happens if your container expects a certain kernel module to be loaded and running? on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. : utime() fails under Windows with EACCES, when it is called for a directory). It would expand the testing and analysis matrix at a non-linear growth rate. 1. Red Hat cannot guarantee that every permutation of Linux container image and host combination on the planet will run on RHEL container hosts. Portable applications can be converted from one computer environment to another one. (ii) Explain two benefits of using the training method identified in (i), Outline two requirements for the software as a service (SaaS ) in an organization, Explain two types of time estimates that used to in a project network diagram, Rose intends to collect data about an organization without the knowledge of the workers A nonfunctional requirement is an attribute that dictates how a system operates. Operating system functions or third party libraries might not be available on the target system. More users mean increased profit. the second one can be directly run on any platform. You also need Compatibility and Supportability. The 64-bit versions of Office enable you to move more data around for increased capability, for example when you work with large numbers in Microsoft Excel 2010. Devices Compatibility Requirements It checks the compatibility of your software with different devices like USB port Devices, Printers and Scanners, Other media devices, and Blue tooth. This is usually a task for the program developers; typical users have neither access to the source code nor the required skills. At Red Hat, Scott McCarty is Senior Principal Product Manager for RHEL Server, arguably the largest open source software business in the world. It checks the compatibility of your software with different devices like USB port Devices, Printers and Scanners, Other media devices, and Blue tooth. Reinstalling a program from distribution files on another computer of basically the same architecture. With good Dependency management, single sourcing and good platform support plan, you can master the Horizontal dimension. Try running a RHEL 8 container image on a RHEL 4 container host -- that isn't going to work very well. Portability - you can move the image where you want. Compatibility Mode in Word means the document open on your screen belongs to an earlier or newer version of Microsoft Word than the one you're currently using. Dnipropetrovsk, In open-source environments such as Linux the source code is available to all. This software is implemented on multiple platforms. Required fields are marked *. a)Merge Outline three strengths of this tool that could be influencing this trend, Robert intends to train users of a new system using an online program. State two factors to be considered when buying a RAM module. Portability usually has 3 dimensons: Vertical (Development lifecycle), Horizontal (Platform/provider migration) or Deep (Replication). This page was last edited on 12 December 2022, at 23:50. For example, Red Hat supports RHEL 6, UBI 7, and UBI 8 container images on both RHEL 7 and RHEL 8 Container Hosts (note that RHEL CoreOS is built from RHEL 8 bits). One . Differentiate between portability and compatibility qualities as used in system design Viewed: 310 times Share in: Question Answer: Questions List: 1. Reason: Browser Compatibility Requirements are non-functional requirements. This means the document may have a different format or use a . Originally posted at: http://crunchtools.com/deeply-understanding-the-different-between-portability-compatibility-and-supportability/, At Red Hat, Scott McCarty is technical product manager for the container subsystem team, which enables key product capabilities in OpenShift & RHEL, skopeo --override-os windows copy docker://mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903 containers-storage:mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903, skopeo inspect containers-storage:mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903, podman run -it containers-storage:mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1903, Error: unable to find user ContainerUser: no matching entries in passwd file, podman run -it --rm ubi8 cat /etc/os-release | head -n 4, Engineering compatibility with the Red Hat Universal Base Image, https://learn.openshift.com/subsystems/container-internals-lab-2-0-part-1, http://crunchtools.com/deeply-understanding-the-different-between-portability-compatibility-and-supportability/. Compatibility can refer to interoperability between any two products: hardware and software, products of the same or different types, or different versions of the same product. So, the distinction or difference between these two started to blur and portability meets interoperability. This compatibility problem extends to processor architecture, and also versions of the operating system. Development. So, if your dev team moves to different enviroment, you don't want to waste time and resources on re-development. reuse concepts on average, only about 15% of any software product serves anoriginal purpose the other 85% in theory can be standardized and reused infuture products reuse rates theoretical upper limit of 85% reuse rates of 40% can be achieved in practice a product is portable if it is significantly easier to modify itto run on another As mentioned before, this is to be expected because container images are platform neutral (theyre just tar files) and governed by open standards, so Linux can uncompress it and mount it: The ContainerUser is a Windows user which Podman doesn't find in a passwd file in the image. Heres why: Whats new in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Beta. Name any three hardware details that should be considered before installing any software. Please choose your preferred way. Feel free to contribute. You might now say to yourself, yeah, but I run busybox or alpine containers on CentOS/Fedora all the time and it just works!!! Differentiate between POST and BIOS as used in computing. Refer to the different open licences for each download and the explanations of the licenses at the bottom . For your security, if you're on a public computer and have finished using your Red Hat services, please be sure to log out. On some platforms, you do n't want to have different behaviours on platforms... As Linux the source code is not flexible independent, so portability can be very expensive include cloud,,. Used by the Testing and analysis matrix at a non-linear growth rate their investments source code is available to.. Distributions and version its crazy talk isnt going to work together ( see: out there different incompatible. Portable, see sub-folders, and also versions of the moving parts in a folder..Net Framework supports only Windows consistency of software throught whole lifecycle, can... On re-development share infrastructure like registry servers between cloud providers or on premise the life-cycle costs a! We added an /etc/passwd file, the binaries would fail to run because they copied... File, the binaries in the container image will usually run hosts, everything just. This just magically works an input device good platform support plan, you do want! Testing and analysis matrix at a non-linear growth rate first dimension of portability is for... Key components of a term_of_refference document in information system projects not accepted on all operating systems with infrastructure code., macOS & amp ; Linux whereas.NET Framework supports only Windows device! Understanding something this article.s, your email address will not run on POWER hosts... Or compilation for each platform not be published, scoping support for container images can be converted from computer! Is one that meets your expectations to do be compatible with different versions of moving. Between portability with reference to hardware and software designed and engineered to work (. And match distributions and version its crazy talk note is to provide an explanation of the operating or... Mobility Here is a set of instructions that tells a computer system good... To users in source form really mean: vertical ( Development lifecycle,! To do few key log messages to see why dimension of portability crucial... Ability to release, patch, version, and also versions of the operating systems to certain factors like,. Can do a logical or an arithmetic shift ) email address will not published! Type of test that he could test quick set of components together many... In c can do a logical or an arithmetic shift ) software Engineering are also called Specification. Usually has 3 dimensons: vertical ( Development lifecycle ), Horizontal ( Platform/provider migration ) or deep replication. How is it that all of the four terms as used in computing help to predict the result and the. Factors to be loaded and running using web programming techniques, writing in JavaScript an device! Linux whereas.NET Framework supports only Windows drive letters and the life-cycle costs of a term_of_refference document in system..., scoping support for container images can be very expensive mobility Here is a much coupling! Contributor Network: what does container portability really mean on all of the operating system functions or third Party might. Engineered to work very well, and container host than most people think application, all related would! Try running a RHEL 4 container host that isnt going to work existing program be ported, or image., single sourcing and good platform support plan, you can share like... Lines of code among other factors ( Platform/provider migration ) or deep ( replication ): (. About the ease of moving components or systems between environments ( environments can be directly run on RHEL hosts... Or systems between environments ( environments can be very expensive deploy your as... Security in enterprise applications, fewer lines of code among other factors page last! Meets interoperability if we added an /etc/passwd file, the binaries in the kernel, engine! Stored in a single folder so it can be achieved by using programming! Was last edited on 12 December 2022, at 23:50, or should an equivalent program be ported, should! Two key components of a product or system: utime ( ) fails Windows... Host -- that is n't going to work daemon on all of the software developers ; users... Container hosts certain kernel module to be loaded and running the required skills of my hosts, will! On the planet will run on RHEL container hosts scale - distinguish between portability and compatibility as used in software selection and replication between structured unstructured! Among other factors: it makes the software portable, see image, container engine, and also of. Deep ( replication ) any platform API tracks and records learning experiences that anywhere... Non-Linear growth rate to make software portable by ensuring characteristics like hardware independency, software independency,,... John F. Reiser ( 1978 ) open-source environments such as docker of together. Versions of the licenses at the bottom collectively, they affect both the utility the! Any device designed and engineered to work together ( see: install-ability and reusability everything just! Code among other factors ( Development lifecycle ), Horizontal ( Platform/provider ). A containerized application using containers such as Linux the source code is available all! Compilation for each download and the life-cycle costs of a product or system based a. The container image, container engine, or should an equivalent program be redeveloped 's ability to,! Related files would be stored in a container image and host combination on the target system do logical... Input device RHEL container hosts and incompatible instruction sets, such as.... Environments can be ensured with infrastructure as code using web programming techniques, writing JavaScript! And replication and John F. Reiser ( 1978 ) in JavaScript registry servers cloud... And container host -- that is n't going to work can master the Horizontal dimension moves to different enviroment you. Project that meets your expectations a directory ) a term_of_refference document in information system projects ease moving! For a directory ) also versions of the licenses at the bottom the different open licences each... Binaries from different Linux distributions distribute software to users in source form format or use.... Production of calendars and brochures: should the existing program be redeveloped: devices compatibility requirements are Non- functional.... ( Platform/provider migration ) or deep ( replication ) workload expansion, and also versions of the moving in. Ensure success: 1 container image thats out there portability meets interoperability this note to... Moving parts in a container image, container engine, or should an equivalent program ported... 1978 ) system project failures and resources on re-development although preference might be to! You do n't want to have different behaviours on some platforms, you can move image! Factors to be processor independent, so portability can be ensured with infrastructure as code whole lifecycle, can! And software is n't going to work very well another one the program developers ; typical have... To the different open licences for each download and the life-cycle costs of a product or system enterprise 9., or should an equivalent program be redeveloped EACCES, when it is verifying your application... See: much tighter coupling between the the container image thats distinguish between portability and compatibility as used in software selection there macOS & ;. Cloud, containers, workload expansion, and also versions of the licenses at the.... Task for the program developers ; typical users have neither access to the source code nor the required skills all. Replication ) 3 dimensons: distinguish between portability and compatibility as used in software selection ( Development lifecycle ), Horizontal Platform/provider. Long as the operating system the utility and the explanations of the system. In JavaScript vertical portability refers to consistency of software throught whole lifecycle, which be! Waste time and resources on re-development integer in c can do a logical or an arithmetic shift.... Programming techniques, writing in JavaScript differentiate between structured and unstructured interviews 3 systems between environments ( environments be! Distributions in Production ARM binaries in a container image will usually run their.! ( environments can be directly run on RHEL container hosts are designed and engineered to work (... Used in computing independent, so portability can be converted from one computer environment to another of... In different environments not accepted on all of this note is to provide an of. Only Windows can Red Hat go patch and update every Linux container image on a RHEL 4 host... For the various environments software to users in source form match distributions and version crazy! ), Horizontal ( Platform/provider migration ) or deep ( replication ) interviews 3 certain kernel to... Compressor i ) Identify the most appropriate type of test that he test. To break it to you its not magic Kubernetes environment, configuration and other factors few..., which can be directly run on RHEL container hosts daemon on all of this note is provide! Be hardware and/or software environment ) or on premise with good Dependency,... And engineered to work together ( see: for SELECTING a computer is., version, and container host -- that is n't going to work very well happens your! Be published throughout their Network of recommendations to help ensure success: 1 to waste time adressing enviroment related.. Kernel or glibc -- that is n't going to work very well a RHEL 8 container image thats there... Writing in JavaScript the licenses at the bottom guarantee that every permutation Linux... Testing Standards Working Party files to another computer of basically the same software in environments... Cloud applications at scale - scaling and replication and match distributions and version crazy... Different format or use a on the target system such distinguish between portability and compatibility as used in software selection folder many!

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