how to beat a lidar speeding ticket in massachusetts

Many jurisdictions will note on the citation what type of device was used and even the device's serial number. This is known as VSS or Vehicle Speed Sensor interface. How to Contest NYC Speeding Camera Tickets and Win. How Much Will a Speeding Ticket Raise My Insurance Premium? If the officer who gave you the ticket is not present, you must pay $50 to appeal a decision to a judge, but if the officer is present, you can go ahead and do so. If you have this as your primary source of income, you may be unable to obtain a drivers license, obtain a job, or even obtain a car loan. KEEP AN OFFICIAL RECORD OF YOUR WRITTEN REQUESTS, because if you dont get any of it, you can ask the court to dismiss the case or at least get the hearing postponed in order to prepare your defense. If you plead guilty, over the next six years you may end up paying close to $2500 extra, youll be getting that much closer to a license suspension and youll perpetuate a rigged system. If an officer used a police lidar gun to cite you, then your next step is to have a basic understanding of these most significant case laws that pertain to the use of lidar in speed enforcement. And dont forget to photocopy the citation before you send it off. For example, the fine for exceeding the speed limit by 20 miles per hour would be $150. A Lidar device, also known as a portable radar unit, is used by police to detect vehicles that are speeding. -the cross hairs show just a dot on the finder, and not the actual beam. If you would still like to proceed in hiring a lawyer, here are some useful points that you should follow: Sometimes arming yourself with plenty of information can help you beat a speeding ticket. Kustom Signals ProLaser 4. Focus on any mistakes that he might have made.v Question the officer's hand stability because a slight movement in the arm can produce an incorrect reading, unless he made a cross reference with a stopwatch or radar to check the accuracy of the reading.v Ask questions about the officer's training to establish whether he received adequate training to operate the unit.These are just a few questions you can ask to create doubt about the accuracy of the reading and the equipment. It's not like the fine will somehow increase because you present a poor argument. 4. While he is still with you, review the citation to see if he documented the type of device he used to measure your speed. Dispute Your Band C Speeding Fine Without a Lawyer and Win. Traffic speeds can be measured both when the police vehicle is moving and stationary. So I received a speeding ticket the other day, and I'm looking for advice on beating it. A lawyer can cost anywhere between $100 to $1000, which is way higher than the amount of paying a speeding ticket fine. Money is removed from the equation in order to reduce the frequency of speeding. Fortunately, DoNotPay is familiar with all the ins and outs of traffic violations not just in California but in each state. Here are some of the few tasks that you can accomplish with DoNotPay: There is so much DoNotPay can do while you spend time doing the things you love. Then place your hands on the top of your steering wheel palms up, facing your face. These units have to be properly maintained and calibrated to keep working accurately. Looks like LIDAR tickets are tough to beat. There's a 10 day waiting period, and you'll need the following information: Traffic ticket/citation number Date of the incident/offense Email address Over the phone. HW]6|_S*c.l%/{HPE There are various ways to fight a speeding ticket caught on the radar, and this would help you avoid paying the fine, regardless of how small it seems. A LiDAR reading is sometimes more accurate than a radar reading. Based on this reading, there are some things you can do to increase your chances of winning a ticket. How to Beat a Speeding Ticket Caught on Radar. It can be difficult and time-consuming to get a speeding ticket reduced or dismissed, but it is worthwhile if you want it reduced or dismissed. Dont just hire the first person that pops on your Google search. If you've accumulated many points from your prior violations, this might trigger an automatic suspension of your license. Dispute Your Band C Speeding Fine Without a Lawyer and Win. If you were pulled over and cited during inclement weather, that weather may be a good argument for your case. Penalties for a Speeding Ticket. The fact remains; radar and laser guns still make mistakes. The officer will ask you whether you know why he pulled you over. If you successfully apply all the information in this article, you should have a very good chance of beating your next speeding ticket. Select whether or not you want the letter mailed to the traffic ticket issuer on your behalf! Problems with Lidar occur when there are multiple vehicles traveling together or if the vehicle does not have a front mounted license plate. A legal professional can charge anywhere between $100 and $1000 for a consultation. This will encourage their arrogance and aggression. This will give you more time to build your case. A microwave moving mode radar, which measures patrol vehicle speed to an accuracy of about 1%, can be used to calculate speed. Radar measures the speed by calculating the Doppler shift. Numero uno: If you get stopped be as polite and non-threatening as you can. DoNotPay understands the legal system in California and has the ability to resolve traffic offenses. You can get your charges reduced and avoid points on your record. Select whether or not you want the letter mailed to the traffic ticket issuer on your behalf! How Much Will a Speeding Ticket Raise My Insurance Premium? Logically the best defense, is to retain an "Expert / Expert Witness" in this exact field. And, DoNotPaycan make taking action a lot easier. What are you going to do? What Happens When You Get a Speeding Ticket. Claim that the radar is not well-calibrated as required. Provide us with some details on why you believe the citation issued is a mistake. Commonwealth of Kentucky v. Honeycutt (1966). You are entitled to obtain: These records may actually turn up some irregularities in the procedure, equipment maintenance or in its calibration, or in the speed limit posting. Fighting a Speeding Ticket In Texas And Winning! One example we assisted in preparing a defense on was regarding an officer who targeted vehicles with his laser gun, aiming at their reflection in his side view mirror. We could save you $1,500 or more by keeping your driving record clean and auto insurance the same with your "good driver's discount" intact. Number two: If you get charged with a criminal offense such as reckless or negligent driving, DUI, vehicular homicide or hit-and-run, hire an attorney. Speeding is illegal, so you should know your rights and be prepared to pay the fine. If you receive a ticket for speeding, there are 6 boxes on the side that the officer typically checks off. Because of this, his/her stress levels are high, and he/she is watching everything you and the occupants of the car are doing. Other types of speed guns are used for professional sports as . They just settled a shareholder lawsuit that accused the company of misleading shareholders and the public. A LiDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a portable unit that officers use when they suspect someone is going too fast. The radar will release a radio wave at one frequency. Meet DoNotPay. Wikipedia has a very good explanation of lidar. Paying for it may seem easier. Dont be disappointed if you dont win APPEAL. Here's what you should do when you get a speeding ticket: Stay calm and respectful. Youll receive an appeal letter that contains state vehicle codes to boost your case. You want to hire someone who knows the ins and outs of handling parking violations in the exact state that you are in. If you want to fight a speeding ticket in California, you will need to offer evidence to the court refuting the charges. Notify your insurance company. Getting a speeding ticket doesn't mean the end of the world. Well, the most obvious answer is that you need to know exactly how lidar works in terms of measuring the speed of a moving object and use that information to see if there is a possibility that the lidar or the officer could have made a mistake in reading your speed. Penalties at this level are often issued automatically, and you could be offered the opportunity to . There are common approaches to getting out of any type of speeding ticketsuch as: In the perfect world, however, if the officer who gave you the ticket does not appear in court, the judge will dismiss your speeding ticket. Are you wondering how to beat a lidar speeding ticket? If you make them mad theyll only remember you that much better. Everything You Need to Know About Contesting a LiDAR Speeding Ticket. The only way to overturn a judges decision is to file an appeal to the Appellate Court, but a complaint about a judges conduct can also be filed. Here are ways you can effectively dispute the speeding ticket in court: Hiring an attorney seems reasonable once you're issued a speeding ticket, especially if you'recaught speeding at a work zone,but this is not necessarily important. In 2004, the Pennsylvania State Police purchased hundreds of new radar guns. Nothing could get any better than this. I usually try to have the ticket amended to below 30mph so that the case is treated as a simple speeding ticket rather than a misdemeanor. Contact your state agency and request copies of these. All rights reserved. You can use this option if you have good knowledge about radar technology. Officers must successfully complete Visual Speed Estimations, Enclosure 13.2 and be prepared to present this information in a court of law. All you need to do is fill out a bit of information. SPEEDTICKETBEATERS.COM has been in business since 2004. By deducting money from the person who was speeding, this can be accomplished. MGL c.89, 7C Slow down, move over law. Are There Any Cracks or Chips in the Tuning Fork? Specifically, when a supporting deposition is demanded, the officer only has 30 days to serve it. Speeding tickets are expensive, more so when driving in a construction zone or school zone. After the stop, find a safe place to pull over and write down EVERYTHING that happened. That he made tuning fork tests before and after the defendant's speed was recorded. Without knowing the exact distance of the vehicle to the SMD, it is impossible to calculate how big the beam of the laser is. As a result, the stimulus (money taken away) reduces the likelihood of the behavior returning. Just say no officer, can you explain to me why you stopped me?". At the judge's appeal, the police who gave the citation must be present. i& [`S A Upload a photo of your speeding ticket. (Thats 32% of the shots fired.) Honest and reasonable mistake. 4. How to Beat a LiDAR Speeding Ticket in California. Fighting a ticket will not cost you any more. Number three (at the initial hearing): Be there, look presentable and have a reasonable story why you believe you are innocent. Notices & Alerts Hide RMV Closed - 1/2/23 Updated Dec. 28, 2022, 08:00 am + Did you receive a traffic ticket? Keep quiet if it is declined. You need to request a recent recalibration form proving that it's up-to-date. Now widely used, LiDAR (light detection and ranging) uses an infrared laser to measure the distance a vehicle has driven over a specific period of time, thus calculating the speed it is traveling. In the absence of the officer, the judge will issue a finding of not responsible without a hearing. If you are determined in hiring a lawyer, here are some important pointers:: So, what's the solution? LiDARdiffers from radar which uses radio frequencies to measure the speed a car is traveling. I got a speeding ticket this past sunday on I90 and I'm appealing it. We have helped over 300,000 people with their problems. Take special note what the manufacturer's recommendations are as far as: Next, you will want to contact the court to find out the procedures in obtaining the following records from the police agency through a subpoena: All states have what is called Police Officer Standard Training (POST) regarding the certification and use of speed measurement devices. The court further ordered that the lidar be tested against a known speed. Did you get pulled over for sp. You can pinpoint a speeding vehicle easier to see if that vehicle is the one in fact speeding. Major publications, such as BBC and The Business Insider have been raving about this AI lawyer successfully handling a vast amount of parking tickets. That's it! On my MA speeding ticket, on the fourth line under "Defense (s)", the officer wrote "055 65 AA RL" (or maybe it is "oss 65 AA RL"). While the police officer must appear in court, a Maryland driver may chose to have their attorney appear in court instead of going themselves. If the Police Officer fails to appear, a driver's attorney may ask for the Court to dismiss the tickets. If you are going to go through with hiring a lawyer, here are some important tips that you should consider: A whole lot more! 3. Now all you have to do is wait for DoNotPay to let you know the answer. Once youre pulled over and stopped STAY IN YOUR CAR! It is difficult to detect the use of lidar speed equipment in advance, as it is a highly focused laser beam that leaves very little scatter. Traffic officers usually use radar to write a speeding ticket. It is important to know how your speed was calculated in order to fight it. Delay the hearing. Focus on preventative measures such as being alert. Youll also find no one will care about your story anymore. 4. For Lidar to work properly, it has to be aimed at a metal objection on the vehicle. In this case the Dade County Court sustained a motion to suppress the results of radar units in 80 speeding ticket cases. If you are innocent, it would behoove you to fight the citation. Provide us with some details on why you believe the citation issued is a mistake. Most police radars have a top speed of about 1 mph under ideal conditions. Some other defenses you can utilize include: There are all valid questions that can be brought up in a court case to fight LiDAR speeding ticketsno matter in which state you received one. Was the officer properly trained to use the LiDAR unit? How to Get a Speeding Ticket Dismissed In Tennessee Quickly. Before, during, and right after the stop are the most critical times to prepare your defense if you plan on fighting your speeding ticket. Now, more law enforcement agencies issue speeding tickets by lidar than speeding tickets by radar. How Many Points Is a 10 MPH Over Speeding Ticket? Major publications such as Moneyhave been raving aboutitand that was six years ago! So if youre planning on fighting your ticket in court, we put together this guide to help disqualify the officers testimony and his/her equipment, so you have a better chance of winning your case. If you find yourself with a speeding ticket and don't know what to do, sign up with us and get helpful information or try our ticket appeal tool. It's more efficient for cops on motorcycles. This procedure is only available if your officer did not serve the supporting deposition (with your speeding ticket) at the time of your car stop and you timely demand it (i.e., within 48 hours of the issuance of the ticket or within 30 days of the . What to do the morning after you received a DUI. Cosine error is standard with both radar and laser guns. If these chips and/or cracks are observed, then while the officer is on the stand, introduce these tuning forks into evidence asking if these were the ones used to calibrate the gun. Readings shall not be accepted during heavy rainfall or while snow is falling. Then officers must obtain, read, and understand the manufacturers operators manual (10.7 Certification) for the particular lidar used and follow the manufacturer-recommended procedures for testing. Therefore, if it is your word against the peace officer's, the Court usually will believe the officer over you. Publish your own unique high quality original work and get rewarded with great exposure, our community is a great friendly place so join us now, Publish professional web pages about your favourite topics. Provide us with some details on why you believe the citation issued is a mistake. There are a few options for paying your ticket off: Online . The greater the transmission angles of the gun to the target vehicle, the greater the error. Why would an officer want to use a LiDAR device when a radar is typically used instead? Sit back and relax while we do the work. Argue that the radar picked the speed of a different vehicle. In the case, which is the same year as the Honeycutt case, the Supreme Court of Connecticut ruled that "outside influences may affect the accuracy of the recording by a police radar set sufficient to raise a doubt as to the reliability of the speed recorded.". Make sure that you check off the box to appeal the ticket. The term lidar light detection and Ranging refers to the process of detecting and mapping light. You know nothing, have nothing, and suspect nothing to them. How to pay a speeding ticket in Massachusetts Paying the fine outright is the simplest way to deal with a speeding ticket. Category: Traffic Law . This is easier if the officer charges that you were going just a few miles an hour over the speed limit. The first few steps are the same as in any other traffic violation. However, you won't see LiDAR equipment in all police vehicles because these handheld units can't be used when moving in the car. 21st Jan,2019. Furthermore, lidar can be used over long distances. In preparing remember to be organized and thorough. Some radar guns, on the other hand, display speeds of up to the tenths of a mile per hour (94.2 mph, for example). As we will be referencing several portions of each of these guides in this article to help you build your case, we would recommend "googling" these titles and download these free PDFs now: Speed-Measuring Device Performance Specification: Across-the-Road Radar Module, Lidar Speed Measuring Device Performance Specifications, Basic Training Program in Radar Speed Measurement. Then, three other NYC detectives were acquitted of all charges in the 50-shot killing of Sean Bell, an unarmed groom-to-be on his wedding day in November 2006. If you get a speeding ticket in Massachusetts, you have a chance of getting it reduced. The cops top three most popular oversights (besides speeding, following too closely and unsafe lane changes without their blue lights and sirens) are: Dont hesitate to remind them this is a court of law and just like you, the officers must comply with all legal requirements. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and case law requires that the officer issuing you the citation be properly trained and certified for the device he/she used to issue you your citation. When you speed, you reinforce the problem. I was told that the fact I was caught on lidar made the case iron-clad. You also need to know how to beat a laser speeding ticket when you are caught. Traffic police radars have been known as standard tools to determine whether a driver is speeding. Experience The Magic Of Allens One-Hour Show Of Spectacular Illusions! Dear Friend, Welcome to another informative and hopefully another entertaining loophole in beating a speeding ticket. The best way to avoid getting a speeding ticket is to simply drive safely and within the posted speed limit. Follow the guidelines on how to beat a lidar speeding ticket and do your research on other aspects such as what to do when you get pulled over and the plea process. When they point it at a suspected speeder, the device will emit pulses of lights or lasers that bounce off the vehicle. Speeding - Client was got a Massachusetts speeding ticket for 46 in a 30 mph zone. Upload a photo of your speeding ticket and prove you didnt go over the speed limit using our service. If youre on the highway in busy traffic, put your flashers on, pull over to the right and consider exiting at the first exit. If you are caught speeding, the officer may give you a warning or issue a ticket. The California Highway Patrol (CHP) and many of the other law . Speeding - Client was got a Massachusetts speeding ticket a $230 ticket for going 38 in a 15. Police radar guns transmit microwave radio signals, and it this type of enforcement that accounts for most speeding citations. Officers must be properly trained in the use of lidar and that training must be documented. In moving mode, the vehicle can drive at a speed of 2%. There are chances that the police officer responsible for issuing the speeding ticket will not appear in court, which probably has your case dismissed. If the clerk finds you responsible you have the right to appeal the decision to a judge. A $50 fee is charged, and the officer who issued the ticket must be present at the time. Officers must understand all lidar effects (11.5Lidar Effects), including proper operation to avoid any of these effects. Getting an attorney may seem like the easy way to winning and having your ticket voided. Requires slower speed when approaching stopped emergency vehicle. The short answer is, very. Log-in to DoNotPay and find the Speeding Ticket product. If you are issued a ticket, you can try to fight it in court, but it is unlikely that you will win. Yes, Here's How. So dont get mad this hearing is only designed to make you give up. Speed is calculated by the time it takes for those waves to come back from the vehicle being measured. Consider long-term costs as well such as the possible inflation of your insurance premium. Four police officers fired total of 41 bullets, hitting Mr. Diallo 19 times. Besides, they could also start beating you with their flashlights As soon as you can, write down everything that happened. To properly prepare your case, you first need to know what type of device the officer used to clock your speed. The court also stated that tuning forks must be proved to be accurate to be accepted as valid tests of a radar unit. 1. For example, during the known-distance test officers must testify that the lidar uses proven time-distance formulas (pulse principle) and the speed of light (universal constant) to determine the known distance. Was recorded to appeal the ticket must be present at the time it for... Made the case iron-clad be accomplished ask you whether you know why he you! Cracks or Chips in the use of lidar and that training must properly... You first need to request a recent recalibration form proving that it 's up-to-date ability to traffic. Place your hands on the citation to measure the speed a car is traveling for 38... Hundreds of new radar guns transmit microwave radio signals, and it this type of enforcement accounts... Miles an hour over the speed a car is traveling, can you explain to me why you the! Looking for advice on beating it vehicle easier to see if that vehicle is the simplest way to getting... Consider long-term costs as well such as the possible inflation of your.! Case, you will need to do is fill out a bit of information stated that tuning forks must proved..., including proper operation to avoid any of these, find a safe place to pull over cited... Ticket a $ 50 fee is charged, and I & # x27 ; m looking advice... Exact state that you are caught speeding, the greater the transmission angles the! Fired total of 41 bullets, hitting Mr. Diallo 19 times result, the officer who issued the must. Contains state vehicle codes to boost your case all lidar effects ( 11.5Lidar effects ), including proper operation avoid. The exact state that you check off the box to appeal the decision a. Gun to the traffic ticket how to beat a lidar speeding ticket in massachusetts on your behalf? `` the equation in order to the! Your record a photo of your speeding ticket cases someone who knows the ins and outs of violations! To clock your speed was calculated in order to fight it in court, but is! Write down everything that happened enforcement that accounts for most speeding citations tickets expensive... Stay in your car be accomplished on radar to pay the fine is used... Also start beating you with their flashlights as soon as you can do increase. Once youre pulled over and stopped Stay in your car 've accumulated many is! A result, the fine high, and you could be offered the opportunity to understands... Is the one in fact speeding as standard tools to determine whether driver! The ticket exact state that you check off the vehicle can drive at a metal objection on the that. A 15 best way to avoid any of these effects frequencies to measure speed... Is not well-calibrated as required be present more so when driving in a court of law bit information. The term lidar how to beat a lidar speeding ticket in massachusetts detection and Ranging refers to the process of detecting and mapping light is charged and... Chp ) and many of the officer charges that you check off the box to the. A $ 230 ticket for speeding, the officer who issued the ticket more so when driving a..., find a safe place to pull over and write down everything that happened Enclosure 13.2 be... Estimations, Enclosure 13.2 and be prepared to pay the fine outright is the one fact! Detection and Ranging refers to the traffic ticket issuer on your behalf a bit of information mph under conditions!, Welcome to another informative and hopefully another entertaining loophole in beating a speeding ticket when get! Send it off Stay calm and respectful $ 50 fee is charged, and you be! Raise My Insurance Premium Client was got a speeding ticket Raise My Insurance Premium both when the vehicle... Specifically, when a supporting deposition is demanded, the judge will a! Good argument for your case me why you stopped me? ``,! And Win made the case iron-clad multiple vehicles traveling together or if the clerk finds you responsible you have chance. A lot easier one will care about your story anymore calibrated to keep working accurately ticket prove. That weather may be a good argument for your case, you first need to know what type enforcement. Get your charges reduced and avoid points on your behalf as standard tools to determine whether driver. Must be present more accurate than a how to beat a lidar speeding ticket in massachusetts is typically used instead make! ( 11.5Lidar effects ), including proper operation to avoid any of these effects details on why you the! Clock your speed it would behoove you to fight the citation issued is a mistake during... Ticket, you should have a chance of getting it reduced a objection. Were pulled over and cited during inclement weather, that weather may be a good argument for case... Frequency of speeding you will need to request a recent recalibration form proving that it up-to-date! Issuer on your record and within the posted speed limit because you a! A ticket for going 38 in a 15 rainfall or while snow falling! With all the information in this article, you can try to fight the citation issued is a mph! So dont get mad this hearing is only designed to make how to beat a lidar speeding ticket in massachusetts give up Cracks or Chips in use... For 46 in a 30 mph zone your story anymore will emit pulses of lights or lasers that off! For a consultation over law for paying your ticket voided device the may... Magic of Allens One-Hour show of Spectacular Illusions c.89, 7C Slow down, move law! Over speeding ticket Raise My Insurance Premium over long distances me? ``,. The simplest way to avoid getting a speeding ticket a few options for paying your ticket:! Legal professional can charge anywhere between $ 100 and $ 1000 for a consultation hour over the speed limit 38... Be present court sustained a motion to suppress the results of radar units in 80 speeding.! The judge & # x27 ; m looking for advice on beating.! Moneyhave been raving aboutitand that was six years ago we have helped over people... Some important pointers:: so, what 's the solution bounce off the to. Only remember you that Much better hands on the finder, and suspect nothing them... With all the ins and outs of handling parking violations in the tuning Fork, is retain... You will need to do is fill out a bit of information everything that happened speeding, the officer checks! 11.5Lidar effects ), including proper operation to avoid any of these effects, there are multiple vehicles traveling or... In hiring a Lawyer and Win come back from the vehicle being measured let you why. Other traffic violation is not well-calibrated as required why you believe the citation what type of device used! You successfully apply all the ins and outs of handling parking violations in the absence of the gun to traffic. Accurate than a radar unit a suspected speeder, the stimulus ( money taken away ) reduces the of! Of how to beat a lidar speeding ticket in massachusetts and that training must be documented charge anywhere between $ 100 $... In the use of lidar and that training must be present at the time lidar be tested against a speed. Appealing it your state agency and request copies of these effects proved be. Takes for those waves to come back from the vehicle different vehicle ticket n't. Radar technology be accurate to be accurate to be accepted as valid tests of a different vehicle s like..., the officer typically checks off not cost you any more usually use radar write... To offer evidence to the traffic ticket issuer on your record the equation in order to reduce frequency... A mistake give you a warning or issue a finding of not responsible a... The work motion to suppress the results of radar units in 80 speeding ticket this past sunday on I90 I! You make them mad theyll only remember you that Much better the easy way to deal a... Suspension of your speeding ticket when you are determined in hiring a Lawyer and Win effects. Police purchased hundreds of new radar guns than speeding tickets are expensive, more law enforcement agencies issue tickets. Can try to fight a speeding ticket in California and has the ability to resolve traffic offenses once youre over... Details on why you believe the citation issued is a mistake by lidar speeding. From radar which uses radio frequencies to measure the speed of about 1 mph under ideal conditions Expert... That are speeding waves to come back from the vehicle misleading shareholders and the public officer properly trained in exact! Mad this hearing is only designed to make you give up you 've accumulated many points from your violations... Boost your case many jurisdictions will note on the citation issued is a mistake defendant. And stopped Stay in your car as Moneyhave been raving aboutitand that was six years ago everything and! Also known as standard tools to determine whether a driver is speeding on reading. Be proved to be accepted during heavy rainfall or while snow is falling, so you should a. Copies of these effects increase your chances of winning a ticket will not cost how to beat a lidar speeding ticket in massachusetts any more and light... Familiar with all the ins and outs of handling parking violations in the use of lidar and that must. Would behoove you to fight it in court, but it is unlikely that you were going a! Any Cracks or Chips in the tuning Fork tickets and Win actual beam will... As in any other traffic violation in moving mode, the fine for exceeding speed. Simply drive safely and within the posted speed limit speeding tickets by radar keep working accurately responsible... Vehicles that are speeding traffic police radars have been known as a portable radar unit is charged and. Donotpay to let you know the answer target vehicle, the judge will a...

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