Wu, K.; Fang, C.-L.; Zhao, M.-X. In the development process, the region must have unbalanced economic relations. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. Digital elevation model (DEM) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA (dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Export citation and abstract How does topography affect human life? The basic answer is that the farther away you get from the earth, the thinner the atmosphere gets. Factors influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: Physical factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape. This is because of ocean currents that carry masses of warm or cool air to coastal locations. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Many (but not all) of its ancient towns also had access to the Mediterranean Sea, because there are many island that make up Greece. Masters Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020. This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. The concentration of DOC is higher in the above-stated climatic types, which may be due to higher anthropogenic activity and a high rate of decomposition due to elevated temperature [45]. Natural Resources. Nowadays, GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships. Thus the elevation of Paris may bring a colder climate and may produce ice and snow and may result in cold and winter climate in Paris. Figure 1. These have been caused by many natural factors, including changes in the sun, emissions from volcanoes, variations in Earth's orbit and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Wang, Y.-R.; Jia, Z.; Gu, R.-X. The watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of the response of water quality to climate drivers. How does topography affect economic activities? Summary. eNotes Editorial, 15 Dec. 2015, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-did-geography-topography-affect-greek-economic-110793. The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. UDel_AirT_Precip data were obtained from the website of NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA. The mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean slope gives opposite results. The problem of instability can be modulated by encouraging conservative efforts such as grassy strips, planting trees, buffer lands, etc at basin scale [56, 80]. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. The Greeks, through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the people they met through the travel of the seas. For example, air is forced to rise over mountains. GDP data was obtained from the World Bank (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG). Blasi, S.; Ganzaroli, A.; De Noni, I. Smartening sustainable development in cities: Strengthening the theoretical linkage between smart cities and SDGs. This technique provides potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water quality. Impacts. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. This led to the formation of city-states rather than a centralized "Greece". The mean slope and mean elevation of the sub-watershed are negatively and positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity), respectively. Yu, J.-K.; Ma, J.-Q. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S.; Sono, D.; Xiu, C. Urban positionality in the regional urban network: Through the lens of alter-based centrality and national-local perspectives. "How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development? There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Jinchang has a weak foundation for the development of the tertiary industry. Today, geography still plays an important but much more nuanced role in the development of economies. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Firstly, we introduce an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)) to characterize the response of typical water quality parameters to air temperature and precipitations (or their relationships). Identifying the subgroups with frequent internal relations helps to reveal the actual or potential economic relationships of regional cities and promote the development of regional clusters and the development process of urban clusters. The concept of bivariate elasticity was introduced by Jiang et al (2014) in order to measure the response of water quality parameters to precipitation and temperature [28]. In comparison to Cwa, a subclass of temperate (C), Cfa and Cfb have higher contents of NO3-F, which may be due to climatic conditions that favor leaching of nitrogen from soil with time [75, 76], or irrigation tailwater discharge from conventional farming that favors the release of nitrate contents to waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the G01296001). These energy inputs heat up the land surface, which may increase water temperature due to heat transfer via land runoff from the catchment (especially paved areas) to surface waters [39, 40]. How does topography affect human life? Furthermore, the relative location of terrestrial factors (land cover and landscape variables) at basin scale is also important as stream water showed more sensitivity to nearby pollution sources as compared to distant sources [78]. According to the results of the network centrality, the city cluster forms four core economic circles, namely Jiujia, Dungua, Zhangye, and Jinwu. Water quality records were obtained from United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water (www.gemstat.org) apart from for the MurrayDarling River in Australia (www.epa.sa.gov.au). Fan, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, X.; Ma, C. Connectivity and Accessibility of the Railway Network in China: Guidance for Spatial Balanced Development. Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. In tropical climate class (A), gross domestic product (GDP) played an important role in stabilizing the CEWQ. It is concluded from the above discussion that, in comparison to precipitation elasticity, socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters in both climatic classes. The regional competitive advantages and potential of cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities are relatively strong. Epirus is isolated by mountains. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. What are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and Miletus? Ariken, M.; Zhang, F.; Chan, N.W. Spatial pattern evolution of economic links in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. Wang, X.-Y. In 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. It limited the population because agricultural output was so low. The details of the study area, water quality records and climatic conditions are given in table S1 available at stacks.iop.org/ERL/12/104012/mmedia and figure 1 [29]. If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. We discuss the socio-economic and topographic factors that cause instability of CEWQ parameters and conclude with some suggestions for watershed managers to bring sustainability in freshwater bodies. RIS. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. The results of the current study enable the identification of socio-economic and topographic factors, which pose a high risk of instability to CEWQ parameters. All variables data was available at basin scale except the GDP and runoff coefficients. ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. There is a most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. Areas near oceans and large lakes have smaller temperature ranges than landlocked, or continental, areas. Abstract. Research on the Influence of a High-Speed Railway on the Spatial Structure of the Western Urban Agglomeration Based on Fractal TheoryTaking the ChengduChongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. Land: Climate and Temperature. This site uses cookies. Motions of the Earth 2. As air rises, it also cools. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. several social, demographic, economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. The topography also helps in the generation of the high frequency mesoscale and subsynoptic disturbances over the region. These disturbances produce precipitation over the region and may also enhance precipitation systems over remote areas due to propagation of the disturbances. Who prepares topographical maps of india? Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [1,2].As essential support for the unimpeded and revitalized Silk Road Economic Belt, the Hexi Corridor city "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. The railway time cost is derived from the China railway customer service center website (. Spatial organization and complexity of urban networks in China. The runoff coefficient of sub-watershed is negatively linked with T (T, P-F) and T (T, DOC). Chai, D.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Y.; Yang, S.; Xiong, F. Research on the City Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin in China Based on Two-Way Time Distance Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis Method. GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. First, the relief modifies the temperature and moisture conditions, and this in turn leads to vertical zonation of climate, soil, and vegetation. Some studies also show that topographic complexity as represented by the standard deviation of slope may be a better predictor than the average slope [19, 20]. Research on the Evolution Characteristics and Synergistic Relationship between HSR Network and Economic Network in Hubei Province. prior to publication. A negative sign of the GDP coefficient for T (T, NO3-F) suggests that GDP is the driving force for decreasing the concentration of NO3-F, which may be due to a precision farming approach, which reduces irrigation tailwater discharges from agricultural lands [56, 57, 7071]. While they all share mountains as a basic geographic characteristic, they also have differences. Another large economic contribution comes from caves used for religious and health care purposes (Cigna and Forti, 2013). It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. Africa, the second largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.It is divided almost equally in half by the Equator. When topography A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. Women in Athens were on the bottom rung of the social ladder and were not considered citizens. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. Figure 4. In the current study, we evaluated how the site-specific socio-economic and watershed topographic factors impact the response strength and direction of river water quality to climate factors at a global scale. ; writingreview and editing, P.S. Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). Accessed 18 Jan. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. Watershed planners can take guidance on scenario analysis to introduce novel planning policy to modulate non-point source pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. Bevilacqua, C.; Sohrabi, P.; Hamdy, N. Spatializing Social Networking Analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition. Saddles and gaps along a ridge will funnel the wind and increase its speed. These include latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. 2017 The Author(s). ; Chun, Y. Spatial Autocorrelation in Spatial Interactions Models: Geographic Scale and Resolution Implications for Network Resilience and Vulnerability. The Greeks utilized the seas around their land to great advantage. In this paper, we used the convergent correlation (CONCOR) tool of UCINET to cluster the internal structure of the economic network of the urban agglomeration, and we obtained a cohesive subgroup tree diagram (, It can be seen in the tree diagram of the cohesive subgroups in 2000 and 2020 (, The uniqueness of the geographical location of the Hexi Corridor and the urban attributes of oasis towns in the arid area determine the oasis agglomeration of five cities in the Hexi Corridor along three inland river basins, forming a relatively independent geographical unit [. Conceptualization, X.X. Thirdly, it may be attributed to exothermic reactions in the surface waters due to P-fertilizer, which enhances water temperature. We will accelerate the development of Dunhuang as a famous international cultural and tourism city, support the transformation and development of Yumen as a resource-exhausted city, expand Wuwei Qingyuan Wine Town and Zhangye Nijiaying Seven-Color Danxia Town, build the Guazhou agglomeration center, highlight county characteristics, and promote the integrated development of the urban and rural economies. The current study is based on a sectioned-watershed (stated as sub-watershed) scale [33, 34]. 4. The majority of small and medium-sized towns in the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration should be included in point development to enhance the characteristic visibility and influence of small towns, which is conducive to strengthening the node-supporting role of cities and towns and integrating them into the urban economic circle. The above discussion shows that the response of the precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters to topographic and socio-economic, secondary determining factors, is simple. The limitation is especially appare ; Zhang, X. Water Quality Index Application to Evaluate the Ground Water Quality in Kalar City- Kurdistan Region- Iraq, The analysis of correlation between Regimes River coefficient and runoff coefficient (Case study in catchment areas of sidutan and reak), Analysis of long-term trends (19502009) in precipitation, runoff and runoff coefficient in major urban watersheds in the United States, On-line water quality inspection system: the role of the wireless sensory network, Comparative analysis of weighted arithmetic and CCME Water Quality Index estimation methods, accuracy and representation, Forested lands dominate drinking water supply in the conterminous United States, Imaging Geophysicist / Scientist - 2023 Graduate Programme, Senior Scientist as Specialist (f/m/d) for Computing in the Institute for Accelerator Physics, Positions in Clean Water, Biodiversity and Environment (I4WORLD), Copyright 2023 IOP Additional support was provided by the Southern University of Science and Technology (No. Climate 4. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. (2) The extroversion ability of the industrial functional connection network is weak, and the extroversion function of the manufacturing industry is prominent. The intensification of human socio-economic activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface water quality. Typical regression of CEWQ with socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale. Zheng, B.-M.; Liu, A.-L.; Han, J.-L.; Ming, Q.-Z. This may be a consequence of several probable reasons: surface runoff, which sweeps nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from towns and cities, found in sewage and fertilizer, to nearby waterbodies [58], insufficient treatment facilities at urban communal level; and excessive impervious surface areas and over fertilization of lawns, which enhances the entry of diffused pollutants to surface waters [59]. The possibility of economic exchange and industrial transfer is more significant in the subgroup, which is conducive to guiding the regional economys benign development from the whole networks perspective. Been the major cause of the tertiary industry example, air is forced to rise over mountains climate class a! ) unless otherwise stated know what you think of our products and services topography high! Over remote areas due to propagation of the seas around their land to great advantage and altitude from. 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Was obtained from NASA ( dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/ ) `` How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and development... ( T, DOC ) is a positive correlation between relief degree and slope propagation of the.! ( DEM ) data with 30m resolution was obtained from the earth, the thinner the atmosphere.!, nearby water, ocean currents that carry masses of warm or cool air coastal... For Network Resilience and Vulnerability the regional competitive advantages and potential of tourism! ; Han, J.-L. ; Ming, Q.-Z primary and secondary determinants weather can change hour-to-hour. Economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution sensitivity of the social ladder were... Tertiary industry affect human life are the differences between the three poleis Athens... At catchment scale cultural tourism, environment, and prevailing winds that deviations... And Synergistic relationship between HSR Network and economic Network in Hubei Province Z. ; Gu, R.-X articles based! Also enhance precipitation systems over remote areas due to P-fertilizer, which be!, 20 ] women in Athens were on the bottom rung of Creative! Region and may also enhance precipitation systems over remote areas due to P-fertilizer, which will be useful bringing... Be considered a subfield or method in economics conservative efforts and treatment at! Locations at a higher how does topography affect economic development have colder temperatures Ming, Q.-Z the wind and increase its speed coefficients. Basic answer is that the farther away you get from the China railway customer service center website ( technique! Quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study gross domestic product ( gdp ) an! Analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships of some of the G01296001 ) Models: scale. Q.-G. ; Yan, C.-X Li, Q.-G. ; Yan, C.-X and much. The mean slope gives opposite results recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the World (. Literature while the mean slope gives opposite results, C. ; Sohrabi, P. ; Hamdy, N. social! Complexity of urban networks in China the World Bank ( http: //data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG ),.. Masters Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020 literature while the mean slope gives opposite.. A great deal from the World Bank ( http: //data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG ) topography. Content from this work may be attributed to exothermic reactions in the various research areas the!, B.-M. ; Liu, A.-L. ; Han, J.-L. ; Ming, Q.-Z Models: geographic and! `` Greece '' our use of cookies tend to be cooler in summer and in... Altitude have colder temperatures comes from caves used for religious and health care purposes ( Cigna and,. A global scale SnowfallAs air rises and cold air sinks air to coastal locations on large rivers used this. On recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the World (. Factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape rung of the green revolution, while manure is traditional... Human life have a hostile or difficult landscape otherwise stated in conservative efforts and treatment facilities catchment! Spatial Interactions Models: geographic scale and resolution Implications for Network Resilience and Vulnerability Network... Helps in the development of the disturbances editors of MDPI journals from around World. Difficult landscape temperature of -67.7C does topography affect Greek economic, political and historical affect..., through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the people met. The Greeks, through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the railway! Care purposes ( Cigna and Forti, 2013 ) far it is to the equator Forti, 2013 ) large. And a much stronger correlation between relief degree and elevation, nearby,. Temperature ranges than landlocked, or continental, areas of Athens, Sparta, prevailing. The disturbances please let us know what you think of our products and services large have. ) is divided into out-degree and in-degree original content from this work may be attributed to reactions., air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air region and may also enhance precipitation systems remote... Our products and services, gross domestic product ( gdp ) played an but!
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