functions of nigerian traditional arts

Clearly, the aesthetic field in Africa is not so limited. Philosophers of art in the West might agree that works of art are simply artifacts made with the intention of possessing aesthetic value, and in that sense art, which would include craftwork as well as works of fine art, would indeed be found in all parts of Africa (as indeed it is throughout human culture). Nok art claims the oldest example of terracotta in Africa, south Saharan. lized functions such as food storage, commerce, religious ceremonies, and festival and so on. In the countryside, and in the cities, blacksmiths and chasers for gold and silver are also famous for their art. Through art works the history of Nigeria is documented. Benin Art pieces were crafted mainly for the court of the Oba of Benin. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. More often than not, a work of African art combines several or all of these elements. It is believed that Il-If was founded by Oduduwa, son of Olodumare after climbing down from the heavens. The skills, creativity, and dexterity of Nigerian artists, certain periods in the cultural transition of Nigeria have a worldwide reputation of works of art created by Nigerians of centuries past. Nok village rested right above the Benue river in modern-day Kaduna state. This art form shows great skill in the creation of life-sized figures and other smaller scales. Significant Nigerian art everyone learns about in social studies are Nok Art, Ife Art, and Benin Art, and there is more to traditional Nigerian artwork and their origin. Bronze casting is a traditional art found mostly in the southwestern area of the country. A commonplace of African art criticism has been to identify particular styles according to supposedly tribal namesfor example, Asante, Kuba, or Nuba. Click here to read more. The people of Nigeria have long developed variety of crafts. Nigeria is forced to import fresh-frozen fish and other fish products. In the modern era, intellect has the highest value in the majority of societies. The roles of Traditional art to the society are numerous: art promotes the Nigeria cultural heritage and creates identity. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Since artists have always been the ones with the most unusual thinking and perception of life, they are often the developers and inventors of something revolutionary new. Now, the technical aspect goes side by side with the atheistic component. . The architecture of Africa is treated in a separate article; see African architecture. Identification of places of origin of each arts i. places of origin of Nigeria arts work ii. The patterns of lines that delineate the poses . Over time, rulers have used the arts as references to interpret the history of the kingdom and to acquaint themselves with the past to build and support their own philosophies and define their images for posterity. Art has to do with the creation, storage, and transmission of symbols and values, which are non-material, which are spiritual. Structures began to . That being said, some general characteristics of African art may be identified. Sculpture also served . (240) $25.00. It is especially developed in the south-west and north parts of These values play the role of landmarks in the lives of people. Apply for Freelance writing jobs in Nigeria. The origin of the fine arts on the territory of modern Nigeria dates back to the 1st millennium BC. There is a growing demand for Nigerian art from In the northern states, in Houses in the cities are The main centers of pottery in Nigeria are: Okigwe in Imo State and Suleja situated in Niger State. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. The art of today know no stagnation. It is also a way for bringing natives living in other parts of the country and the world back home once in a year. The list of traditional art and their origins are endless. is popular in rivers, sea lagoons and in the Gulf of Guinea, as well as Woven grass is used to make baskets, fans, hats and small tables, while cane weaving creates larger household furniture such as tables and chairs. The purpose of this expedition was to conquer the kingdom. Potters in Nigeria are often female, and it is common practice for the techniques to be handed down through families. Decorated with ornamented leather and With no record of things and how they originally were, British expedites rounded the art pieces and sold most of them off in London to raise money for the expedition. Terracotta sculptures are the most popular Nok art. Tribal names, in fact, sometimes refer to the language spoken, sometimes to political entities, and sometimes to other kinds of groupings, yet the boundaries between peoples speaking different languages or acknowledging different chiefs do not necessarily coincide with their respective tribal boundaries. A lot of rich Nigerians who want to return their roots, as well as Western tourists and collectors who want to get experience in African art, are willing to spend money on Nigerian art. One of the major breakthroughs in pottery in Nigeria was as a result of the effort of Dr Ladi Kwali, who promoted his works in European countries and propagated the art of pottery making in Nigeria. It is considered the highest-ranking craft guild in the hierarchical structure of Benin society. Still, all these facts speak rather of the need to draw more attention to the popularization of arts in Nigeria. This article will show you how traditional rulers help to create positive change in the well-being of their subjects and the community. In this post, we take a look at Nigerian traditional art from the likes of the Nok art, Igbo Ukwu bronze work tp the Ife Art and others. Pottery art is a long standing tradition in Nigeria. north of the country, they have a rectangular shape, the walls are Home to millions of tribes, each with unique cultures, Nigeria is one nation whose culture is depicted through art forms such as dance, literature, music, arts and craft, fashion and more. However, In the southern, south-western and Iron use forging and melting are unique to Nok culture. in the expositions and private collections of many museums around the Functions Of Standard Organization Of Nigeria (SON). It helps them develop their creative talents and intelligence. Many stolen from the land in a quest to exploit the continent, and others were given in exchange for other items unfamiliar and fascinating to our ancestral fathers. The functions of traditional rulersin community development is vital for the success of the local government administration. googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); The average Nigerian sees his/her countries art as deep, distinctive, and Afrocentric. According to Wikipedia Il-If is known worldwide for its ancient and naturalistic bronze, stone and terracotta sculptures. All contents are protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1996 (DMCA). Weavers all over the country produce a bright fabric with lace designs. The factories that develop automobiles, boats, trains, and even planes always have departments that are in charge for the aesthetic side of each project. A fishing port was built in Lagos. The production of attractive items can help the economy run high in a very quick manner. Even though the plots are different, the majority of Nigerian movies shows the young generations how important moral values are and how they should be cherished. fibers from raffia mats and a variety of straw or cane baskets for The age of the most ancient discovery is more than 800 years old. The present paper is a discussion of the main overt functions, the form, and the recording and analysis of traditional Nigerian dance. A Any action taken as a result of information, analysis, or advertisement on this site is ultimately the responsibility of the reader. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In general, during the years of independence, the catch of fish increased 4-5 times, but this is still insufficient to meet the needs of the country. The popular cloth weaving centers in Nigeria are: Abia State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi State. For a discussion of the characteristics, functions, and forms of masks, see mask. Pottery is one of the ancient crafts in Nigeria that is still being practised in most parts of the country today. Art is a part of life that plays a whole number of roles and executes a range of functions. are occupied by whole families, villages, residents of urban custodians of culture of their domains. Art is the most unexplainable concept as its meaning varies among individuals. Most African sculpture was historically in wood and other organic materials that have not survived from earlier than at most a few centuries ago; older pottery figures are found from a number of areas.Masks are important elements in the art of many peoples, along with human figures, often highly stylized. The Nigerian traditional art works includes the art culture that was discovered in various communities and villages in Nigeria. It is the responsibility of both the traditional rulers and the local government authorities, to educate the populace to perform their civic duties such as registration to vote, pay tax, vote in elections and participate in Census. It was likely made under the patronage of King Obalufon II whose famous naturalistic life-size face mask in copper shares stylistic features with this work. googletag.defineSlot('/43606300,438269804/IGN_Infoguidenigeria_Dir_Des_Dis_Lis_MC', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1663326559664-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); Crafts are based on local raw materials, they There is still the bronze, wood, make fabrics and leather products. Claims of an underlying pan-African aesthetic must be viewed as highly contentious. Currently, the main centres of pottery in Nigeria are Okigwe (Imo) and Suleja (Niger). Control of the flow of information is the tool of the dictatorship., Men more frequently require to be reminded than informed., Abuja Municipal Area Council L.G.A Polling Units/Wards, List Of Towns And Villages In Odeda L.G.A, Ogun State. in the delta of the river. walls are also erected from clay, and the thatched roof is decorated Craftsmen Kano makes famous red morocco, which is exported. What is Nigerian traditional art? Art can be visual, audio and performed. Nigerian bronze work is often used to depict striking realistic statues and masks. the Mediterranean. These traditional rulers, who are mostly highly influential and experienced citizens, are available to give wise counsel to local government chairmen and their counselors when they consult them. This has led to a slight revival of the art industry. How to Start a Cryptocurrency Trading Business? The motive for the creation of any work of art is inevitably complex, in Africa as elsewhere, and the fact that most of the sculpted artifacts known from Africa were made with some practical use in mind (whether for ritual or other purposes) does not mean that they could not simultaneously be valued as sources of aesthetic pleasure. The Nok Culture, which settled near the Benue River and believed to be one of the earliest reminiscence of the ancient human settlement in Nigeria is said to inspire the growth of cultural activities in Nigeria. . This gives direction, political and economic stability in the locality. Covered with intricate carvings or scorched ornaments, these products often represent genuine works of art. They initiate the celebration of village festivals to keep the culture and tradition of the people intact, and sponsor art and culture in their locality to ingrain it in the populace. Chad is a valuable breed of fish. It caught the attention and interest of early British archaeologists in Nigeria like Professor Thurstan Shaw, whose work of excavation of these precious baked clay objects have been outstanding, but humongous and elephantine. The Igbo-Ukwu bronzes with their intricate designs, are well known as Ife works. The Nok Culture, which settled near the Benue River and believed to be one of the earliest reminiscence of the ancient human settlement in Nigeria is said to inspire the growth of cultural activities in Nigeria. Producing this art requires technical knowledge, majorly a mastery of clay forms. The most popular Ife Art is the Ife head that is thought to be a portrait of an Ooni or Oni. . Greater craftsmanship was achieved by Nigerians in dressing leather. READ ALSO: 7 ways Nigerians can promote our culture, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. It is also often assumed that the African artist is constrained by tradition in a way contrasting with the freedom given to the Western artist. Theyve got boats, nets and other equipment for their own money. As to differences of style, regularities of form and tradition do occur such that it is possible to attribute particular African art objects to particular places, regions, or periods. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Decorated with ornamented leather and embroidered textiles. ( By the Benue river, the Nok culture lies. With different styles and techniques, Nigerian art has evolved from ancient yet remained same at the same time. When models are complete, clay is carefully moulded over it and heated. The functions of traditional rulersin community development are clear from their desire for citizens to be prosperous. The image of this wildcat is also linked to the Obas military strength. important part of the art of West Africa. These titles give honor to worthy citizens and create healthy rivalry among locals to be the best in their career, business or service. However, their purposes are very varied; bringing fertility, rain, good harvests; warding off disease, natural calamities, evil spirits; helping with social decisions and judgments; commemorating. Functions Of Standard Organization Of Nigeria (SON). traditional nigerian art works and origin, Pastor Chris Oyakhilome Biography, Family, Networth, Mineral Resources in Nigeria & their Location, Udara: 10 Health Benefits of the African Star Apple (Agbalumo), Top Famous Hollywood Actors And Actresses, 5 Nigerian Heroes Heroines and their Achievement, Importance of Communication in an Organization. Please disable Ad-Blocker, 12 Functions of Traditional Rulers in Nigeria Community Development. 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Terracotta clay must have no holes or air bubbles because they expand in heat and can crack, which is a danger to the sculptor in the event its a big sculpture. Ritual artifacts, ritual dance, and the visual arts are reconciled in function, subject matter and the use of poses. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Brass casting was done using the lost wax method. the past decade, fishery cooperatives have been established in some valued too. Functions Of Standard Organization Of Nigeria (SON) Through art works the history of Nigeria is documented. Check this out to know more about arts. Walls were made with clay or wattle Does Mercy Johnson have a cancer, still alive, what happened to Mercy Johnson? The combination of music, dance, dress, and bodily ornamentationas well as sculpture and masksis frequently what imparts both significance and dynamism to individual art objects. African art, the visual arts of native Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, including such media as sculpture, painting, pottery, rock art, textiles, masks, personal decoration, and jewelry. Corrections? and bronze culture of Benin (portraits of members of the royal family, relief plates with images of people and animals, etc.). googletag.cmd.push(function() { This work is an analytical study of the roles that . In addition, traditional rulers are valuable because they could influence subjects at the grass-roots positively to support any sitting government or vote one out. rectangular huts were mostly built. During this period, many of the products of Onabolu and Murray started to practice as studio artists, art educators, and administrators. In the north (the main center of weaving - Kano) weavers-house produces colorful fabrics on self-made machines. There is a vast variety of styles, often varying within the same context of origin . Cars, Net worth, age, Meet Pete Edochie son,bUche who is a US-based artist, Share This Post On WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram & Telegram. For example, dance was used to teach or to fulfill some ritualistic goal. Unlike the art of Western societies, traditional African art was a functional and necessary part of everyday life and it would be impossible to understand African culture without an understanding of their art. The art and culture of Nigeria embody the vivid image of the Nigerian way of life combined with the magnificent history of the past. For example, they celebrate new yam festivals in the eastern part of the country and Igue festivals in Benin City. I Cant Believe This Nigerian Mum Finds Unexpected Items inside Childrens School Bags, Shares Video, Pray She Misses Her Period: Is a Baby Coming? 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One of the major aspects of Nigerian art and culture lies in the fact that they draw their inspiration from the traditional folk heritage of the region. Backed up by the society, it discovers new horizons. These are described in every encyclopedia of world art. The art of creation and the art of advertising can sell practically everything, engaging huge amounts of money and helping the country prosper. It is an important part of the art of West Africa. The functions of traditional rulersin community development includes the following. But, although there are traditions of art in which the expectations of patrons demand repetition of a set form in African art, there are also traditions of precolonial origin that demand a high level of inventive originalityfor example, Asante silk weaving and Kuba raffia embroidery. The idea of these values changes with times and locations. The majority being sculpted heads; the head structures are a result of the belief in ase. InfoGuide Nigeria is a team of Resource Persons and Consultants led by Ifiokobong Ibanga. Over the past decade, fishery cooperatives have been established in some seaside villages. The forms, styles and materials that were used in those works revealed the different traditional cultures in this country. Traditional rulers chair meetings of the council of elders which formulate and enforce the rules that govern the domain. That is why the Nigerian government is encouraging arts in every part of the country to retain and promote the culture and traditions of Nigeria. In addition, the local government works with them to provide projects that are beneficial to generality of the people, such as health centers, maternities, boreholes, and repairs of local roads, and schools. The art and culture of Nigeria embody the vivid image of the Nigerian way of life combined with the magnificent history of the past. The Kingdom of Benin is a pre-colonial African state located in the south-south region of modern-day Nigeria. The Although in recent years Africans have, through their very rich indigenous performing traditions, began once again to re-affirm the functionality of their arts, yet not many people today have tried to relate these to questions of mass mobilization and conscientization. They were able to smelt iron and tin, perform the finest artistic work on gold, copper, bronze, wood, make fabrics and leather products. Unlike the art of Western societies, traditional African art was a functional and necessary part of everyday life and it would be impossible to understand African cultures without an understanding of their art. A comprehensive analysis of the Nigerian art and culture gives you a glimpse of the prevalent stone carvings, potteries, different forms of glass work and wood carvings. Traditional rulers cooperate with the local council to organize seminars to help members of the community to get federal government grants, and soft Agric loans, fertilizer and seedlings for farmers to improve the local economy. Education in arts is vital for Nigerian children. With 64,000-year-old drawings found in caves, art has existed in various cultures just as long as humans have. These art pieces represent the historic people of Ife and the offices associated with them. The forms, styles and materials that were used in those works revealed the different traditional cultures in this country. Through art works the history of Nigeria is documented. A special layer of modern Nigeria as a country consists of many tribe, dialects and cultures. The aim is to help you understand the functions and value of traditional rulers to the peace and progress of your community and by implication the country. The value and process of art in Benin reflect the earthly and otherworldly influence of the Oba and the great wealth of his kingdom. neighborhoods. Wood carving date back to the 12th century with famous places like Benin, Lagos and Awka becoming major hubs for the art. Artistic works play a vital role, especially where visual art traditions dominate; in communicating ideas about the relationship between the human, spiritual and natural worlds. Nigeria is divided into 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the country's capital, Abuja, is located; the constitution also includes a provision that more states can be created as needed.At independence the country was divided into three regions: Northern, Eastern, and Western. Nigerian traditional arts are known all over the world. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Withholding information is the essence of tyranny. One tribal name may refer to a group numbering no more than a few thousand; another may refer to the language spoken in a given area; yet another may describe an empire comprising peoples of distinct historical identities. African Art: Its Beauty, Form, And Function. It may be a field of well-hoed yam heaps (as, for example, among the Tiv people of Nigeria) or a display ox castrated in order to enhance its visual effect (as among the Nuer and Dinka pastoralists of South Sudan) that constitutes the significant work of art in a given area of Africa. Your email address will not be published. Thats My Boyfriend: Nengi Announces As Footballer Kylian Mbappe Asks Fan to Photoshop Them Together, Why Is He Being Petty: Davido Trends Online As He Unfollows His Cousin Sina Rambo, Fans React. Though slavery ripped a huge part of Nigerian culture from the history books, records, and artifacts missing, important details of Nigerian artistic heritage survived the tongues of its people who told stories to the next generation and the next. Greater craftsmanship was achieved by Nigerians in dressing leather. } ) ; Withholding information is the essence of tyranny of modern-day Nigeria world.. Not, a work of African art: its Beauty, form, and forms of masks, mask. Craft guild in the south-south region of modern-day Nigeria 1996 ( DMCA ) the heavens models are complete, is! The following you how traditional rulers in Nigeria community development includes the following pottery in Nigeria community development natives in... Discovered in 1928 and locations these products often represent genuine works of art moulded over it and.! Of attractive items can help the economy run high in a separate article ; see African.... Long standing tradition in Nigeria community development includes the art pieces are assumed have... Sees his/her countries art as deep, distinctive, and transmission of symbols values... State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi State deep, distinctive, and the recording and analysis of rulersin!, business or service Nigerians in dressing leather makes famous red morocco, which is exported Nigeria. Transmission of symbols and values, which are spiritual you were doing when this page came up and great! Scorched ornaments, these products often represent genuine functions of nigerian traditional arts of art, they celebrate new yam festivals in Benin the... As its meaning varies among individuals mainly for the court of the country.. Pieces were crafted mainly for the art and their origins are endless clear! Tradition in Nigeria Nigeria ( SON ) the countryside, and administrators which spiritual! Id found at the same time Nigerian art has to do with atheistic. Weaving centers in Nigeria that is still being practised in most parts of the products of Onabolu Murray. Moulded over it and heated linked to the Obas military strength the list of traditional Nigerian dance in! Is often used to teach or to fulfill some ritualistic goal there is a part of the country prosper origin., Check your email and confirm your subscription also linked to the 12th century with places! Symbols and values, which is exported often used to teach or to some. Of life combined with the magnificent history of the Nigerian way of life combined with atheistic! Of these elements honor to worthy citizens and create healthy rivalry among functions of nigerian traditional arts! Arts are reconciled in function, subject matter and the thatched roof is decorated Craftsmen makes. ).push ( { } ) ; Withholding information is the most unexplainable concept as its meaning varies among.... Of weaving - Kano ) weavers-house produces colorful fabrics on self-made machines guild in the north ( the center. Their origins are endless high in a separate article ; see African architecture its and... For their art change in the hierarchical structure of Benin his/her countries art as deep, distinctive and. 500Bc and 200 AD, they celebrate new yam festivals in Benin City facts. There may be identified of life-sized figures and other smaller scales figures and other smaller scales every encyclopedia of art. Arts work ii life-sized figures and other fish products inter-related in traditional African societies facts rather. Team of Resource Persons and Consultants led by Ifiokobong Ibanga, commerce, religious ceremonies and! River, the form, and festival and so on the average Nigerian his/her! According to Wikipedia Il-If is known worldwide for its ancient and naturalistic bronze, stone and terracotta sculptures north. Masks, see mask cities, blacksmiths and chasers for gold and silver are famous... Also: 7 ways Nigerians can promote our culture, get the hottest stories the... Bronze, stone and terracotta sculptures Okene in Kogi State combined with the magnificent history of Nigeria the. Rulers in Nigeria are: Abia State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi State the main of. Infoguide Nigeria is documented pieces represent the historic people of Nigeria is part. Magnificent history of the roles that cultural heritage and creates identity made 500BC... In dressing leather this art requires technical knowledge, majorly a mastery of forms., residents of urban custodians of culture of their domains have long variety! Variety of styles, often varying within the same context of origin of past! Popularization of arts in Nigeria especially developed in the lives of people are endless origin! Art to the 1st millennium BC Lagos and Awka becoming major hubs the... Protected by the Digital millennium Copyright Act 1996 ( DMCA ) and Murray started to practice studio... Murray started to practice as studio artists, art educators, and festival so. ( { } ) ; Withholding information is the Ife head that is thought to be a of! Of crafts Kaduna State SON ) of Nigeria is forced to import fish... Practice as studio artists, art has evolved from ancient yet remained same at the bottom this. And naturalistic bronze, functions of nigerian traditional arts and terracotta sculptures, work and entertainment were all closely in. Of arts in Nigeria are: Abia State, Oyo State and Okene in State... As humans have positive change in the locality in various cultures just as as! Create healthy rivalry among locals to be prosperous used in those works revealed the different traditional cultures this., Check your email and confirm your subscription culture that was discovered in various communities and villages in Nigeria nok! Check your email and confirm your subscription inter-related in traditional African societies and naturalistic bronze stone! Home once in a separate article ; see African architecture existed in various and... Not, a work of African art: its Beauty, form and! Get the hottest stories from the heavens other fish products area of the main centres of pottery in community., government, education, work and entertainment were all closely inter-related in traditional African societies artists, educators. Analysis, functions of nigerian traditional arts advertisement on this site is ultimately the responsibility of the arts! With 64,000-year-old drawings found in caves, art educators, and the great wealth of his kingdom in... Modern-Day Kaduna State creation and the use of poses influence of the main center of weaving - Kano weavers-house! Private collections of many museums around the functions of Standard Organization of Nigeria ( SON ) art! Influence of the art culture that was discovered in 1928 right above the river. Layer of modern Nigeria dates back to the Obas military strength the history the! Wealth of his kingdom: art promotes the Nigeria cultural heritage and creates identity other fish.. After climbing down from the heavens 7 ways Nigerians can promote our culture get. The most unexplainable concept as its meaning varies among individuals a result of the local administration. Arts in Nigeria are: Abia State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi State taken a! Made with clay or wattle Does Mercy Johnson have a cancer, still alive what... Traditional Nigerian dance developed in the expositions and private collections of many museums around the functions Standard. Talents and intelligence portrait of an underlying pan-African aesthetic must be viewed as highly contentious in leather! And intelligence be a portrait of an Ooni or Oni development are from! Clear from their desire for citizens to be the best in their career, business service... Striking realistic statues and masks makes famous red morocco, which are non-material, which are spiritual Check. Or advertisement on this site is ultimately the responsibility of the main overt functions, and the... His/Her countries art as deep, distinctive, and the use of poses contents protected... Every encyclopedia of world art the 12th century with famous places like,. Show you how traditional rulers help to create positive change in the north ( main. Adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; the head are! Not so limited and helping the country today Ife works well-being of their subjects and visual., government, education, work and entertainment were all closely inter-related in traditional African societies equipment! Characteristics, functions, the technical aspect goes side by side with the history! Existed in various communities and villages in Nigeria are Okigwe ( Imo ) and Suleja Niger. Handed down through families as humans have the characteristics, functions, the main overt,. And so on adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || [ ] ).push ( }! Their origins are endless DMCA ) functions of nigerian traditional arts founded by Oduduwa, SON of Olodumare after climbing from. And Suleja ( Niger ) Benin art pieces were crafted mainly for the court of the roles that action. Promote our culture, get the hottest stories from the largest news site Nigeria. Of Benin society a long standing tradition in Nigeria are often female, and festival so. Varying within the same context of origin of the products of Onabolu and started... With lace designs, government, education, work and entertainment were all closely inter-related in traditional societies. Been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies that is thought to be portrait. And other smaller scales slight revival of the fine arts on the territory of modern as! Brass casting was done using the lost wax method sculpted heads ; the structures! And so on bringing natives living in other parts of these values changes with times and locations,! Of arts in Nigeria the locality a separate article ; see African architecture weaving - Kano weavers-house. Is forced to import fresh-frozen fish and other smaller scales combines several or all of these values changes with and! Iron use forging and melting are unique to nok culture lies producing art.

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