Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[98][99]. [13] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. [64] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. 137 relations. Finally, the Mormons who had taken up arms were to leave the state. Agnes Smith, a sister-in-law of Joseph, was chased from her home with two small children when her home was burned. "[35] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. One of the principal points of conflict in the 1838 Missouri Mormon War, the battle resulted in Missouri Executive Order 44, sometimes called the . To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon-Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. In Livingston County, a group of armed men forced Asahel Lathrop from his home, where they held his ill wife and children prisoner. [69] Instead of staying in the strip, Bogart passed into southern Caldwell County and began to disarm Mormons. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. W. W. Phelps (Mormon) / 40.777; -111.858 ( Salt Lake City Cemetery) William Wines Phelps (February 17, 1792 - March 7, 1872) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three "Mormon Wars". On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. [59], Many Latter Day Saints were greatly troubled by the occurrences. Publish Date: Apr 01, 1987. Tensions built up between the rapidly-growing Mormon community and the earlier settlers for a number of reasons: These tensions led to harassment and mob violence against the Mormon settlers. [54] Once there, they swore out affidavits concerning the burning and looting in Daviess County. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. John Corrill, one of the Mormon leaders, remembered: Friendship began to be restored between (the Mormons) and their neighbors, the old prejudices were fast dying away, and they were doing well, until the summer of 1838[18], In 1837, problems at the church's headquarters in Kirtland, Ohio, centering on the Kirtland Safety Society bank, led to schism. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. ", "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", Casus Belli: Ten Factors That Contributed to the Outbreak of the 1838 'Mormon War' in Missouri, Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1838_Mormon_War&oldid=1126713077, Religiously motivated violence in the United States, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mormons expelled from Missouri and resettled in, Mormon Missouri Volunteer Militia defectors. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. [37], Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon participants. [4] All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City. [37], Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon participants. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. In 1834, Mormons attempted to effect a return to Jackson County with a quasi-military expedition known as Zion's Camp, but this effort also failed when the governor failed to provide the expected support.[14]. To William Wines Phelps, a fellow Latter-day Saint and witness to the events, Hinkle wrote: "When the facts were laid before Joseph, did he not say, 'I will go'; and did not the others go with him, and that, too, voluntarily, so far as you and I were concerned?"[93][94]. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[94]. 3 Shot, Sumter Mob Hangs Negro. June: Danites organize in Far West. ", http://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/resources/findingaids/miscMormonRecords.asp?rec=doc, http://books.google.com/books?id=TcfYO8JFElcC, "An appeal to the American people: being an account of the persecutions of the Church of Latter Day Saints, and of the barbarities inflicted on them by the inhabitants of the state of Missouri", http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=2837&REC=4, "Mormonism in All Ages; or the Rise, Progress and Causes of Mormonism; with the Biography of Its Author and Founder, Joseph Smith, Jr", http://ia600401.us.archive.org/31/items/mormonisminalla00turn/mormonisminalla00turn.pdf, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, Mormons stripped of property and expelled from Missouri. [103][104] Judge Austin A King, who had been assigned the cases of the Mormons charged with offenses during the conflict, warned "If you once think to plant crops or to occupy your lands any longer than the first of April, the citizens will be upon you: they will kill you every one, men, women and children."[1]. Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. During the conflict, 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Battle of Crooked Creek,[1] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody,[2] and 17 Mormons at Hauns Mill[3]), and an unknown number of non-combatants died due to exposure and hardship as a result of being expelled from their homes in Missouri. [22], The earlier settlers saw expansion of Mormon communities outside of Caldwell County as a political and economic threat. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[88]. [97] Brigham Young recounts that, once the militia was disarmed, Lucas's men were turned loose on the city: [T]hey commenced their ravages by plundering the citizens of their bedding, clothing, money, wearing apparel, and every thing of value they could lay their hands upon, and also attempting to violate the chastity of the women in sight of their husbands and friends, under the pretence of hunting for prisoners and arms. [107] The militia was disbanded in late November.[13]. In this context, ideology is the disparate set of "ideas, values, and accepted 'truths' of the culture that enabled - consciously and unconsciously - holy war.". Other Mormons, fearing similar retribution by the Missourians, gathered into Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. [59] According to one witness, "We could stand in our door and see houses burning every night for over two weeks the Mormons completely gutted Daviess County. The men under the command of Lucas were then allowed to ransack the city to search for weapons. When faced with the Mormon refugees from Missouri, the people of Quincy, Illinois, were outraged by the treatment the Mormons had experienced. [83] Smith and the other leaders rode with Hinkle back to the Missouri militia encampment. The willingness of both Missourians and . [73] Generals Atchison, Doniphon and Parks decided they needed to call out the Militia to "prevent further violence". Eventually, the large portion of the Mormons regrouped and founded a new city in Illinois which they called Nauvoo. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. It's not easy to make a major change and make it stick. Phelps testified that throughout the summer and fall he received assurances from the citizens of Ray and Clay counties that no mobs were being raised against the Saints in that quarter.66 William Swartzell, a Mormon resident of Diahman, recorded that the Mormons were the only ones talking about mobs at this timehe had heard nothing from the . [37], At a meeting at Lyman Wight's home between leading Mormons and non-Mormons, both sides agreed not to protect anyone who had broken the law, and to surrender all offenders to the authorities. Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. He's still alive, ain't he?". Lucas' terms were severe. During a period of nearly four months, August through the end on November, 1838, seven major confrontations took place, and the Saints were required to defend themselves. [109][110] Judge Austin A King, who had been assigned the cases of the Mormons charged with offenses during the conflict, warned "If you once think to plant crops or to occupy your lands any longer than the first of April, the citizens will be upon you: they will kill you every one, men, women and children."[13]. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. [26][28][29], On July 4, Sidney Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions. [61] None of these claims, however, purport to be eye-witness accounts. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. . Format: Paperback. [23] These "dissenters," as they came to be called, owned a significant amount of land in Caldwell County, much of which was purchased when they were acting as agents for the church. If teachers do not have optimistic attitude toward children with special educational needs, meaningful education for them is far-fetched. Thomas McBride surrendered his rifle to Jacob Rogers, who shot McBride with his own gun. These militias clashed with their Missouri opponents, leading to a few fatalities on both sides. You might be referring to the 1838 Mormon War, a localized conflict between pro-slavery old time Missouri settlers and rapidly increasing numbers of converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who were mos. After most of the defenders in the blacksmith shop had been killed or mortally wounded, some of the Missourians entered to finish the work. Talk:1838 Mormon War Connected to: {{::readMoreArticle.title}} From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Executive paralysis permitted terrorism, which forced Mormons to self-defense, which was immediately labeled as an "insurrection," and was put down by the activated militia of the county. After the inquiry, all but a few of the Mormon prisoners were released, but Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Lyman Wight, Caleb Baldwin, Hyrum Smith and Alexander McRae were held in the Liberty Jail in Liberty, Clay County on charges of treason against the state, murder, arson, burglary, robbery and larceny. Nearly every one was burned. [101] The militia was disbanded in late November.[1]. [13], Forcefully deprived of their homes and property, the Latter-day Saints temporarily settled in the area around Jackson County, especially in Clay County. After several non-Mormons made statements to the authorities that Johnson had acted as a moderating influence on the Danites, he was allowed to escape rather than stand trial. . Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Militia, only one of whom, Moses Rowland, was killed. "Autobiographical Remarks by Ebenezer Robinson (18321843)". During the conflict 22 people were killed (3 Mormons and 1 non-Mormon at Crooked River, [2] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody, [3] and 17 Mormons at Haun's Mill ). The county seat, Gallatin, is reported to have been "completely gutted" only one shoe store remained unscathed. LeSueur, Stephen C. How to Cite: (1989) "The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri", The Annals of Iowa 50 (2-3), 278-280. doi: https://doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.9389 Rights: Copyright 1989 State Historical Society of Iowa. Much of the literature about the Danites is sensationalist fiction, such . "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. Boggs held strong preconceptions against the Latter Day Saints, dating from the time when both he and they had lived in Jackson County, and the governor believed the reports. [53] On October 18, these Mormons began to act as vigilantes and marched under arms in three groups to the Missourian settlements of Gallatin, Millport and Grindstone Fork. As the year went on, there were a number of armed conflicts between Mormons and Missourians. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. The Missourians had the advantage of position and fired, but the Mormons continued to advance. [1] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results. Agnes Smith, a sister-in-law of Joseph, was chased from her home with two small children when her home was burned. On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. Soon after the "Extermination Order" was issued, vigilantes attacked an outlying Mormon settlement and killed . Download Unionpedia on your Android device! On the first night of the march out of Carroll County, two Mormon women died. [48], The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. [43] The citizens of De Witt sent non-Mormon Henry Root to appeal to Judge King and General Parks for assistance. [30] The text of this speech was endorsed by Joseph Smith, who appeared at the event and participated in the raising of a liberty pole. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. The order was part of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. News of the battle quickly spread and contributed to an all-out panic in northwestern Missouri. Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[92][93]. It read: "Headquarters of the Militia," City of Jefferson, Oct. 27, 1838. The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. When faced with the Mormon refugees from Missouri, the people of Quincy, Illinois, were outraged by the treatment the Mormons had experienced. [87][88][89], Lucas' terms were severe. They committed a form ritualized murder known as Blood Atonement. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. Siege of Far West and capture of church leaders. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle". [80] A committee sent to De Witt ordered the Latter-day Saints to leave. On September 7, Smith and Lyman Wight appeared before Judge Austin A King to answer the charges. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. Nearly every one was burned. While Mormon women and children scattered and hid in the surrounding woods and nearby homes, Mormon men and boys rallied to defend the settlement. [64] Instead of staying in the strip, Bogart passed into southern Caldwell County and began to harass Latter Day Saints, who were forcibly disarmed. Sometimes, it's also called the Missouri Mormon War. The church . The conflict continued until early November, when the outnumbered Mormons surrendered and agreed to leave the state. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. Put new text under old text. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. You can also get a slight stat buff from the equipment investments. [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. Mormon War vigilantes Missouri Extermination Order Utah War LDS enforcers Mormon War of 1838 The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri came from areas which were sympathetic to abolitionism. "[78] The mob gave no quarter. [13][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. [106], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. In mid-September 1838, Brigadier General Alexander Doniphan and his militia troops successfully disbanded and dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County , Missouri. Fight against grand gangsters and crime lords to finish mafia crime from city. During early Mormon history, there was a band of clandestine assassins known as the "Danites" or the "Sons of Dan". Smith's followers, commonly known as Mormons, began to settle in Jackson County in 1831 to "build up" the city of Zion. [82] Other members of the mob opened fire, which sent the Latter-day Saints fleeing in all directions. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter-day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County.[54]. Tensions rose in Clay County as the Mormon population grew. Austin A. But problems only multiplied when Mormons settled in large numbers during a relatively short period of time in this region. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 State Militia to put down the Mormon insurrection against the state. 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